2000年以来中国对美国直接投资的时空演变

2000年以来，随着中国外向型经济的快速发展，以及中美经贸合作伙伴关系的不断深化，中国 对美国直接投资规模持续扩大，至2012年，美国已成为接收中国对外直接投资最大的国家。利用地理集中指数和空间自相关，以美国50个州和哥伦比亚特区为研究单元，分析2000-2014年中国对美国直接投资的时空演变过程及发展趋势。结果表明：①2000年以来COFDI在美国地域分布的不平衡程度有所下降，整体逐渐趋向均衡；②美国吸收COFDI的区域差异较大，南部地区总量领先但增速较慢，东北部、中西部、西部地区实力平均但增速较快，整体差距逐渐缩小；③在空间分布上，呈现由沿海向内陆，由南部向中西部扩散的趋势，表现为“以点带线，多点成面”的时空演化过程；④总体来看，COFDI的空间分布存在较弱的空间自相关性，集聚程度尚不显著，呈现“集聚--随机分布--离散”的空间形态，局部区域形成“冷、热区”的分化。

The spatial-temporal evolution of COFDI in the United States since 2000

Since 2000, with the rapid development of China’s export-oriented economy and the deepening trade cooperative partnership, the scale of China’s outward foreign direct investment (COFDI) in the United States has further ex-panded. By adopting the geographic concentration index and the spatial auto-correlation methods and taking 50 states and the District of Columbia as the research unit, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal pattern evolvement and trend of COFDI in the United States from 2000 to 2014. The results are as fol-lows: 1) The extent of unbalanced in geographical distribution of COFDI in the United States has declined, and the overall trend is gradually balanced. 2) There are significant differences of the level of COFDI between different re-gions in the United States. Specifically, the southern has larger scale while slower in increasing speed. On the contrary, the northeastern, the mid-western and the western have common scale and faster increasing speed. 3) The spatial distribution of COFDI in United States presents the trend of diffusion from coastal to inland, southern to mid-western. 4) On the whole, there is a weak spatial autocorrelation of COFDI in the United States. The degree of cluster-ing is not significant, showing the spatial pattern as“cluster-random distri-bution-discrete”; and forming the differentiation of“hot zone”and“cold zone”.