非物质文化遗产保护下唐卡的游客感知和态度研究

唐卡是第一批进入国家级非物质文化遗产名录的民间美术,并被联合国教科文组织列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。鉴赏唐卡、购买唐卡已经成为西藏旅游的重要内容之一。如何进一步发挥旅游在传承和保护唐卡中的作用,更好地借唐卡提升西藏旅游的文化艺术品位,把非物质文化遗产的保护与旅游开发有机地结合起来,是学术界和地方政府密切关注的问题。本研究通过调查游客对唐卡的感知,对保护唐卡的措施的态度发现:一方面,游客对唐卡作为非物质文化遗产的认知度不高、对唐卡画面的象征意义了解不够、对唐卡的历史文化和艺术价值的感知比较肤浅;另一方面,游客对"多元参与"的唐卡保护模式的认同度高,对提高唐卡的旅游吸引力的外在辅助措施的认同度高,对改变唐卡的传统形式的分歧大。基于上述分析得出:旅游为唐卡的"活化"提供动力;唐卡为西藏旅游增加文化艺术品味;"动态本真"是唐卡旅游应遵守的基本原则。

A study on the Thangka tourists perception and attitude based on protection of intangible cultural heritage

Thangka is the first folk art to enter the national intangible cul-tural heritage, and was listed as "human representative list of the intangible cultural heritage" by UNESCO. Purchasing Thangka, appreciating Thangka has be-come an important part of Tibet tourism. How to exert the advantage of tourism in the inheritance and protection of Thangka, and better utilize the advantage of Thangka to promote the cultural and artistic taste of Tibet, and combine the protection and development of tourism is the problem that academic and lo-cal governments pay close attention to. Through the study of tourists’percep-tion and attitude survey towards protection of Tangka, the results are as fol-lows: on the one hand, the cognition of regarding Thangka as the intangible cultural heritage is not high, the symbolic meaning of Thangka is not under-standable, the perception of Thangka historical culture and artistic value is superficial; on the other hand, the cognition of tourists towards“multi par-ticipation”protection mode is high, so does the measures of improving the Tangka tourism. And there exists the obvious difference to change the form of traditional Thangka. Based on the above analysis, this paper concludes that the tourism offers the "activation" towards Thangka; Thangka increase cultural and artistic taste of Tibetan Tourism; dynamic essence is the basic principles of Thangka tourism.