基于多度格局模型的游泳动物群落结构研究

为进一步了解游泳动物群落结构，探究群落结构变动的生态过程，本研究利用生态位优先模型（NPM）、分割线段模型（BSM）、生态位重叠模型（ONM）、优势优先模型（DPM）和随机分配模型（RAM）共5种多度格局模型分析闽南海域游泳动物的群落结构特征。结果显示:闽南海域游泳动物共192种，其中鱼类132种，蟹类31种，虾类13种，头足类10种，口足类6种；NPM拟合游泳动物多度分布的效果较好，ONM的拟合效果较差，闽南海域游泳动物群落结构具有优势种占较大优势、物种生态位之间不重叠的特点；由外海到近岸的渔区，游泳动物多度分布格局由DPM向NPM 转变，NPM的拟合效果渐差，BSM的拟合效果越来越好，群落结构呈现优势种的地位下降、物种数增多、个体数目分配趋均匀的趋势；从低纬度到高纬度，在水深较深的渔区，DPM拟合游泳动物多度分布的效果渐好，优势种的优势地位逐渐升高，种类数变少，物种多度分布越来越不均匀。而在水深较浅的渔区，DPM的拟合效果渐差，优势种的优势地位逐渐下降，种类数变多，物种多度分布越来越均匀。因此，生态位优先模型比较适合闽南海域游泳动物多度分布格局的研究。

The study on community structure of nekton based on abundance patterns model:A case study on the Minnan sea area

In order to further interpret the community structure of nekton and explore the ecological process of community structure changes, community structure of nekton in the Minnan sea area are analyzed based on the niche preemption model (NPM), broken stick model (BSM), overlapping niche model (ONM), dominance pre-emption model (DPM) and random assignment model (RAM) a total of 5 species abundance pattern models. The results show that there are 192 species of nekton in the Minnan sea area, including 132 species of fish, 31 species of crab, 13 species of shrimp, 10 species of cephalopod, 6 species of stomatopod. The fitting effect of NPM in the abundance distribution of nekton is better than that of ONM, the dominant species have dominant position and species niche do not overlap in Minnan sea area. From the open sea to the coastal area, the distribution pattern of nekton abundance changes from DPM to NPM, the simulation result of NPM is worse, and the simulation result of BSM is better, the status of dominant species decreased, the number of species increased, and species abundance distribution tendes to uniform.The fitting effect of DPM on the abundance distribution of nekton is better than that in the deep fishing area. With the increase of latitude, the fitting effect of the abundance distribution of nekton is better gradually, the dominant position of dominant species gradually increased, the number of species become less, and species abundance distribution tendes to unevenness, however, the fitting effect of DPM on the species abundance distribution of nekton in shallow fishing areas is poor, and the dominant position of dominant species gradually declines, the number of species becomes more, and species abundance distribution tendes to uniform. Therefore, niche preemption model is suitable to study the abundance distribution patterns of nekton in the Minnan sea area.