基于三维模型的城市局地微气候模拟

随着城市化进程的不断深入,城市热岛效应及其所引发的一系列环境问题日趋严重,本文尝试性地将新兴三维建模技术与微气候模拟相结合应用于城市局地微气候研究,以期获得的模拟数据及模型能够帮助城市管理者提供改善城市微气候质量的有效途径。本文选定珠江新城西区为研究区域,以规则建模手段构建城市三维模型,总结微气候模拟的相关子模型,并利用局地微气候模拟软件对研究区进行温度、湿度、风速、风向等气候要素的模拟,最后将二者的结果整合进行可视化展示。微气候模拟结果结合目标区域三维模型,能够直观地分析出建筑高度、密度和布局对目标区域城市微气候分布状况的影响,并提出相应的改善建议与规划策略。该方法克服了以往微气候研究局限于实地测量与单纯依靠过往气象数据的不足。规则建模对城市建筑布局、结构方面的具体呈现与ENVI-met在微气候分布模拟的结合,使城市局地微气候研究可以逐渐与三维建模相结合的方向发展,为不同地区的城市规划与微气候模拟研究提供了新思路与辅助决策工具。在城市建筑结构、布局对城市微气候的影响研究上也提供了更直观的可视化效果。

Urban Micro-climate Simulation Based on 3D Modeling

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the aggravating urban heat island effect and a series of environmental problems caused by it is becoming severe, which hurdles the progress of urbanization gradually. The urban local micro-climate study tentatively combines the burgeoning 3D modeling with micro-climate simulation, so as to help the city managers to find an effective way to improve the urban micro-climate quality through adopting the simulation data and the model generated in the study. By taking the Zhujiang New Town Western District as an example, this study builds a 3D model of the city using the CGA rules, summarizes the related sub-models of micro-climate simulation, and runs a simulation of the study area with the weather factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction by using the local micro-climate simulation software. At last, it integrates the results and produces a visual presentation. The micro-climate simulation result is combined with the 3D model of the study area. It gives a visual analysis on the impacts of construction height, density and layout to the local micro-climate weather distribution, and gives the corresponding development advices and planning strategy. This method has overcome the limits of previous micro-climate studies which were constrained to field measurement and depended on previous climate data. The modeling approach gives a detailed presentation of the city construction layout and structure, and integrates ENVI-met into the micro-climate simulation, thus the urban micro-climate study can be improved to incorporate the trend of integrating 3D modeling. It provides a new way of thinking and a new assistant decision-making tool for the urban planning and micro-climate simulation studies in different regions. In terms of the relationship between the structure and the layout of urban construction and urban micro-climate, it presents a more visualized result.