多尺度地名地址空间区位编码模型研究

针对目前地名地址编码存在的区位信息缺乏、编码粒度较粗、稳定性和可读性较差等问题,本文提出了地名地址编码设计的3个原则：（1）每个地名地址的编码独立且稳定;（2）编码易于实现;（3）编码便于识读。基于地球剖分理论,设计了一种多尺度的地名地址空间区位编码模型,该编码模型以地球剖分网格作为基础单元,建立地名地址空间区位属性与球面网格的映射关系。进一步提出了地名地址空间区位编码方法,该编码是由定位码、层级码和半跨度码组成的一维定长组合码,并且从空间位置、区域范围和空间关系3个方面分析了对空间区位编码的识读方法。最后,以物流行业为例,探讨了地名地址空间区位编码模型的应用思路与前景。结果表明,该模型便于计算机存储与管理,能够为地名地址的网格化管理提供组织与表达基础,对智慧城市建设具有很强的理论和实用价值。

Research on the Multi-scale Spatial Location Coding Model for Address

As a "bridge" connecting the information of various fields, such as politics, economy, society and culture, address is of significance in the exchange of multi-source information under the environment of big data. To solve the existing problems of address coding, such as the lack of location information, the coarse grain size, and the poor stability and readability, this paper proposes three principles for the design of new address coding models, including the independence and stability, the simplicity of realization, and the decipherability. Then, a multi-scale spatial location coding model for address is created, which is realized based on the global subdivision theory. This model takes the global subdivision grid as the basic unit, and builds the mapping rules from the address’s location to a set of grids. Furthermore, the structure of the spatial location code is provided in details. The spatial location code is developed by giving a unique sign to each of the address subdivision grid, which is the deformation of the global subdivision grid. It is described by a one-dimensional and fixed-length array, which is composed by the following four elements: the first one is C₀, which is named as the Location Code; the second one is L, which is named as the Level Code, and two half span codes are the last elements. The deciphering method of the spatial location code is analyzed based on three aspects: location, region and relation. It shows that the spatial location coding model for address has presented good independence, stability, readability and scalability. Finally, this paper discusses the applications and prospects of the spatial location coding model for address, by taking the logistics industry as an example. Generally, the proposed model has presented strong theoretical and practical values for the construction of smart city.