哈萨克斯坦生态环境状况及影响因素的遥感分析

本文利用基于TM影像所解译的土地利用数据,评价了哈萨克斯坦2000年和2010年生态环境质量状况。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦各州生态环境质量水平差异较大,整体呈现东部各州生态环境质量较高、中西部各州生态环境质量较低的空间格局,且2000-2010年哈萨克斯坦生态环境质量总体呈现变差的趋势。以基于MODIS数据所提取的归一化植被指数、地表含水量、地表温度等自然要素,以人口、GDP等社会经济要素为自变量,以生态环境质量指数为因变量建立回归模型,回归分析表明哈萨克斯坦生态环境状况主要受自然因素特别是NDVI指数的影响,因而改善哈萨克斯坦生态环境质量可从提高植被覆盖度入手。

Analysis of the Eco-Environmental Condition of Kazakhstan and Its Impact Factors Using Remote Sensing Data

Located in the north of Central Asia, Kazakhstan is among regions having the highest fragility of eco-environment in the world. With the implementation of “the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road” strategy advocated by Chinese government since 2013, more attention is being paid to researches focusing on the eco-environment of this country. Utilizing the land use data interpreted by TM images with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, the Ecological Quality Indices (EQIs) of Kazakhstan in 2000 and 2010 were evaluated by considering its biological richness, vegetation coverage, water network denseness and land deterioration. The evaluation results indicated that the EQI values varied among different prefectures. The eastern states showed a relative higher level of eco-environment quality than the western ones, and an overall declining pattern of the quality level was revealed from 2000 to 2010. In order to explore the driving forces of the spatial variation of EI among prefectures, natural factors such as NDVI, Modified Surface Water Capacity Index (MSWCI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) were retrieved from the MODIS data, and subsequently input into the linear regression model as the independent variable together with the social economic index such as population density and real GDP per capita by taking EQI as the dependent variable. Regression results indicated that EIs in Kazakhstan were mainly influenced by the natural factors, especially by NDVI which represented the vegetation coverage. Thus, the key point is to raise the vegetation coverage in order to improve the eco-environment quality in Kazakhstan.