土地利用可持续性的度量-一种显示过程的综合方法

土地利用可持续性的度量指标应该具有时间序列性、空间敏感性、客观性和综合性，能显示趋势性和可预测性，有参照值或阈值，能表达逆转性和可控性，能正确地进行数据转化，能方便地采集和使用数据。迄今所见的指标体系，在方法上皆可归纳为枚举法和综合法。枚举法的困难是：指标体系很难穷尽所有的影响因素，又不能准确判断每一因素的影响程度，也难以有完备的数据序列。综合法避免了枚举法的困难，但目前还没有完整的时间序列，因而只能评价现状而不是过程。本文提出一种针对变化过程进行评价的指标体系，采用系统综合指标，即生产力、稳定性、恢复力、公平性、自立性、协调性，来定量地评价土地利用的可持续性，并应用于山东省莱西市案例研究。

Measurement of Land Use Sustainability:A Comprehensive Method Representing Processes

This article brings forward a set of comprehensive indicators aiming at the temporal process of land use change. Productivity, stability, restorability, equity, self-supporting ability and harmonizing capacity in a rather long period are used to measure the sustainability of land use, and applied in the case study of Laixi City, Shandong Province. Productivity is the growth process of yield per unit of land area. Stability is the coherence and consistency of the productivity and may be presented by variation coefficient V= σ/ā. Restorability is the ability of land use system withstanding outside impacts, such as natural hazard and policy or market changes, and resuming productivity. It can be shown by annual variation. Equity is the degree of justice of land use benefit allocation, and can be measured by the proportion of population at various levels of income. Self-supporting ability presents the extent of supply, improvement, organization and control of land use system itself and may be shown by the proportion of capital assert investment in the total financial income. Harmonizing capacity is the extent of balance between demand for land products and supply of land productivity. The result of the case study shows that land use in Laixi City is sustainable in general. It is evident in the case study that these comprehensive measurements representing processes are concise, effective, reasonable and operationable.