临太湖局地平原区人居环境的自然适宜性评价——以吴江区为例

本文以苏州市吴江区为例,利用1971—2016年吴江区常规气象观测资料、2004—2016年吴江区自动气象观测数据、2016年吴江区各镇人口和面积数据、2016年ASTER GDEM 高程数据和Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS卫星遥感数据,将湖陆风指数引入人居自然环境适宜性评价体系,建立缓冲区后,分别计算气候适宜性指数、地被指数、水文指数、湖陆风指数和人居环境自然适宜性综合指数,在此基础上,分区分级评价了吴江区人居环境的自然适宜性。研究结果表明:(1)吴江区人居环境自然适宜度从西部往东部逐渐递减。(2)一般适宜区主要位于吴江区的东北部和东南局地,中度适宜区分布在中北部和南部,较高适宜区位于中部以西太湖沿岸,高度适宜区位于紧临太湖的西南地区,极高适宜区位于西南角局部地区。(3)引入湖陆风指数后,评价结果能更好地反映临湖平原的湖陆风环流对局地气候所起的关键作用。(4)建立缓冲区后的水文指数分布能够更客观地反映吴江区不同尺度水体分布对人居环境自然选择的影响。

Evaluation on natural suitability of human settlement environment in a local plain area near the Taihu Lake: take Wujiang district as a case

Taking Wujiang District of Suzhou as an example, the conventional meteorological observation data from 1971 to 2016, automatic meteorological observation data from 2004 to 2016, population and area data of all towns in 2016 in Wujiang District and the ASTER GDEM elevation data in 2016 and the satellite remote sensing data of Landsat 8 OLI TIRS_in 2016 were used to calculate the climate suitability index, ground cover index, hydrological index, lake land breeze index and comprehensive index of natural suitability of human settlement environment respectively in this district after a lake-land breeze index was introduced into the suitability evaluation system of natural environment of human settlement and a buffer zone was established. Consequently, the natural suitability of human settlements in Wujiang district was evaluated in different regions and grades. Results show as follows: (1) the natural suitability of human settlements in Wujiang district is gradually decreasing from the west to the east. (2) Affected by the local climate with the prevailing lake-land breeze, vegetation coverage, terrain, water body distribution and other factors, the generally suitable areas were mainly located in the northeast and southeast of Wujiang district, moderately suitable areas were distributed in the north-central and southern parts, higher suitable areas were located on the coast of Taihu Lake west of the central part, and highly suitable areas were located in the southwest area close to Taihu Lake, with extremely high suitable areas, extremely suitable areas were located in a partial area of the southwest corner. (3) After the introduction of lake-land breeze index, the evaluation results can better reflect the key role of lake-land breeze circulation on local climate. (4) After the establishment of buffer zone, the hydrological index distribution can more objectively reflect the impact of water distribution of different scales on the natural selection of human settlements in Wujiang district.