基于高分辨率卫星和无人机的广西滨海盐沼面积变化监测

滨海盐沼作为重要的海岸带生态系统，在海岸保护、生物多样性维持、固碳减污等方面发挥了重要的生态服务功能。及时准确地监测滨海盐沼分布情况和动态变化，对于科学地管理和保护本地滨海盐沼生态系统意义重大。本研究基于2019年和2021年多源国产高空间分辨率卫星数据，结合无人机自主性强、灵活机动、不受云遮挡影响的优势，对广西壮族自治区滨海盐沼开展遥感跟踪监测。研究结果表明，广西2021年滨海盐沼总面积为1 341.40 hm2，其中，北海市、防城港市和钦州市3个海滨城市的滨海盐沼面积分别为1 247.82 hm2、49.73 hm2和43.85 hm2。与2019年相比，广西2021年滨海盐沼总面积减少108.96 hm2，其中，北海市互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）面积减少107.05 hm2，钦州市短叶茳芏（Cyperus malaccensis）和芦苇（Phragmites australis）面积减少1.91 hm2，防城港市滨海盐沼面积不变。广西当地对入侵种互花米草的治理卓有成效，互花米草大范围减少，但局部区域的互花米草分布仍呈不断增长的趋势，仍需重视对互花米草的监测与防控工作。

Monitoring coastal salt marsh area changes based on high- resolution satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle imagery in Guangxi

Coastal salt marshes, as an important coastal ecosystem, provides significant ecological service functions in coastal protection, biodiversity maintenance, carbon sequestration and pollution reduction. Timely and accurate monitoring of the distribution and dynamic changes of coastal salt marshes is of great significance for the scientific management and protection of the local coastal salt marsh ecosystem. This study used multi source domestic high spatial resolution satellite imagery in 2019 and 2021, combined with the UAV’s advantages of strong autonomy, flexibility, and no cloud occlusion affect, to monitor the distribution of coastal salt marshes in Guangxi. In 2021, the distribution areas of coastal salt marshes in Guangxi were 1 341.40 hm². Salt marshes distributed in 3 coastal cities of Guangxi. And the areas of salt marshes in Beihai, Fangchenggang, and Qinzhou were 1 247.82 hm², 49.73 hm² and 43.85 hm², accounting for 93.02%, 3.71% and 3.27% of the total salt marsh area in Guangxi, respectively. Compared with that in 2019, the salt marsh area in Guangxi decreased by 108.96 hm² in 2021. Specifically, the area of Spartina alterniflora decreased by 107.05 hm² in Beihai city, and the area of other salt marsh type (Cyperus malaccensis and Phragmites australis) decreased by 1.91 hm² in Qinzhou City, whereas the area of salt marshes in Fangchenggang City remained unchanged. The control of invasive species S. alterniflora in Guangxi has been effective, the area of S. alterniflora decreased dramatically. However as the S. alterniflora area still increased in some local areas in Guangxi, it is still necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of S. alterniflora.