高密度和常规观测系统的河道成像效果分析

煤矿顶板砂岩水害严重影响着煤矿安全生产，河道砂体的有效识别对煤矿防治水具有重要的意义。基于地震数据识别河道是有效途径之一，但河道砂不是煤矿勘探的目的层，研究程度低，并且在地震数据成像中河道是一种线状、孤立的地质异常体，常被忽略，因此，在煤炭地震勘探中该项技术不够成熟。以淮北地区某矿的高密度地震数据在含煤地层上覆新近系中发现的河道为基础，在抽取8条线变换为常规观测系统后，以不同偏移距和方位角等观测系统参数为对象，对常规观测系统和高密度观测系统在剖面和平面图中的河道成像质量进行讨论。结果表明：0.8倍河道埋深的最大偏移距和全方位方位角情况下对河道成像较为有利，高密度较常规观测系统对河道成像较好，特别是振幅类属性上具有一定优势。

Analysis of channel imaging effect of high density and conventional observation system

The water disaster of sandstone on the roof of the coal seriously affects the safe production of coal mines, and the effective identification of channel sand is of great significance for mine water control. Channel identification based on seismic data is one of the effective ways, but channel sand is not the target layer of coal mine exploration, so the research degree is low, and in seismic data, channel is a linear and isolated geological anomaly wihich is often ignored, so this technology is not mature enough in coalfields. Based on the channel discovered in Neogene overlying coal strata from high density seismic data of a coal mine in Huaibei area, the high density observation system is transformed into the narrow band observation system after extracting 8 lines, this paper discusses the imaging quality of conventional observation system and high density observation system in cross section and plane. The results show that the maximum offset of 0.8 times buried depth and full azimuth are the more favorable for channel imaging. Therefore, high density observation system has a good image of the river channel, especially in the amplitude attributes.