基于夜间遥感和POI的荆门市能耗空间定量化分析

以全球变暖和极端气候为主要特征的气候变化已成为世界各国普遍关注的重大环境问题,全球性的碳排放问题亟待解决已是非常明确的科学共识。然而城市能源消耗尤其是在街道街区尺度能源消耗空间定量化研究目前较少,不利于城市采取精准控制、优化能源结构和减少碳排放措施。本文以资源型城市荆门作为案例城市,以夜间遥感数据、POI等空间数据为基础,定量化分析影响交通、产业和建筑部门碳排放的关键因素车流量、建筑面积和主要用能企业的空间分布数据,实现城市能源消费街道尺度空间可视化,并探讨城镇化和工业化对街道尺度城市能源消费的影响。结果发现工业部门能源消费的持续增长是该市能源消费总量增长的主要驱动因子,72个乡镇（街道）中,以产业能耗为主的10个乡镇（街道）占荆门市能源消费总量达68%。荆门市总用能量在2005—2015年增长82.82万 tce,然而同时用能量高于10 000 tce的乡镇减少了4个,说明荆门市能源消耗提高并呈现集中化趋势。研究结论能够填补以城市或城区为最小单元统计城市能源消费情况所不能发现问题,提出了更加精准的降低荆门市能耗的途径,以期为同类中小资源型城市转型实现绿色发展提供借鉴。

Spatial Quantitative Analysis of Urban Energy Consumption based on Night-Time Remote Sensing Data and POI

Climate change has become a major global environmental issue that is widely concerned by countries around the world. It has been a very clear scientific consensus that the global carbon emission has to be cut urgently under the context of the global warming and extreme climate. Currently, few studies on the urban energy consumption have been performed, especially the quantitative research on the scale of urban blocks, which is actually required by cities in order to adopt precise control, optimize energy structure, and reduce carbon emissions. This paper took Jingmen, a resource-based city, as a case city, and applied night-time remote sensing data, POI, and other big data. Quantitative analysis of the spatial data on key factors affecting carbon emissions in transportation, industry, and construction sectors, respectively, was applied to realize block-scale spatial visualization of urban energy consumption, and furthermore, to discuss the impact of urbanization and industrialization on urban energy consumption. It is found that the continuous growth of energy consumption in the industrial sector was the main driving factor of the city's total energy consumption growth. Among the 72 towns (blocks), 10 towns (blocks) were dominated by industrial energy consumption which accounted for up to 68% the energy consumption of Jingmen. From 2005 to 2015, the total energy consumption of Jingmen City increased by 828,200 tons of standard coal equivalent(tce), while the number of towns (blocks) with more than 10,000 tons of standard coal equivalent(tce) decreased by 4. Therefore, the energy consumption of Jingmen City showed a trend of increase and concentration. The conclusions of this study can fill up the problems that cannot be found in the energy consumption statistics of cities, and propose a more accurate way to reduce energy consumption in Jingmen City, which provide a reference for the green transformation of similar small and medium-sized resource-based cities.