基于轨迹偏移算法的居民就医时空特征与空间格局分析

居民就医时空特征与空间格局反映了医疗设施的服务能力与布局合理性.本文以厦门岛为例,采用出租车轨迹数据,探讨了居民就医的时空特征和空间格局.论文提出了基于道路中心线的研究单元划分方法;提出OD轨迹偏移算法,更精细地提取出三级医院的就医OD数据,改善传统的缓冲区分析法中精确度较低的问题;对居民就医行为进行时空特征分析;基于...

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Residents' Medical Treatment based on Algorithm of Trajectory Drift

The spatial and temporal characteristics of residents' medical treatment reflect the service capacity and layout rationality of medical facilities. This study investigated the features and patterns of medical treatment using taxi trajectory data in Xiamen. We divided Xiamen Island into different research units based upon the central lines of roads. We presented a trajectory drift algorithm to extract the medical treatment OD data for tertiary hospitals. This algorithm deals with the positional error associated with trajectory data and can improve the extraction accuracy. Hospitalizing behavior was analyzed from the perspective of space and time. Finally, based on the residents' preference for hospitals, we discussed the spatial patterns of residents' medical treatment by K-means algorithm. The results show that: (1) Compared with traditional buffer analysis, the trajectory drift algorithm didn't require high positioning accuracy when extracting OD data for hospitals. OD data can be extracted more reasonably and completely only by shifting OD point's coordinates, with an accuracy increased by more than 30%. It was also applicable to all floating vehicle trajectory data; (2) The peak time of medical treatment occurred at 7 am and 2 pm, respectively. The number of medical visits was twice on weekends (including holidays) than working days. When the travel distance was greater than 1 km, the number of medical visits decreased with the increase of travel distance, following a Weibull function distribution; (3) Residents regarded the Zhongshan, the First Affiliated, and the Chinese Medicine Hospital as their first choice for medical treatment. There was a significant regional difference in choices of medical treatment, that is residents preferred nearby hospitals. The southwest of Xiamen Island had sufficient medical resources, and residents' average medical travel distance was less than 4 km. However, residents in northwest and southeast of Xiamen Island mostly had to travel about 10 km for medical treatment. The medical resources in these regions were relatively scarce and needed to be strengthened eagerly; (4) The service capacity of the nine tertiary hospitals in Xiamen Island was obviously different. The residents had a strong preference for the Zhongshan, the First Affiliated, and the Chinese Medicine hospitals, with evaluated preference values greater than 33%. The service scopes of these three hospitals basically covered the whole Xiamen Island, which indicated strong attraction and service capacity for the residents. The values of residents' preference for the other six hospitals ranged from 0 to 33%. These six hospitals mainly treated nearby residents, leading to weak attraction and service capacity. This study provides alternative methods to extract the spatiotemporal features of residents' medical treatment and supports the decision-making of optimizing the spatial configuration of medical facilities.