刺参对人工礁体设计关键指标的选择性

采用平均聚集率(Mean Attractive Rate,MAR)作为统计分析指标,研究了仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicas Selenka)对人工礁体结构设计关键指标(孔径、间隙、颜色、夹角)的选择性及其行为特性。结果表明:(1)随着实验时间延长,仿刺参在礁体模型上的聚集数量呈上升趋势;(2)礁体模型在自然光照条件下的聚参效果优于黑暗条件下的聚参效果(P<0.05);(3)孔径组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm、16 cm>8 cm(P<0.05),4 cm与16 cm间差异不显著;间隙组各水平间聚参效果比较:2 cm>4 cm>6 cm>8 cm(P<0.05);颜色组各水平间聚参效果比较:黑色、蓝色、红色>绿色>白色>透明(P<0.05),黑色、蓝色、红色间差异不显著;夹角组各水平间聚参效果比较:15°>30°>45°、60°>90°、120°(P<0.05),45°与60°差异不显著,90°与120°差异不显著。说明仿刺参适应礁体模型需要一定时间,呈负趋光性。10 g至30 g的仿刺参,对设计指标为2 cm孔径、2 cm间距、深色、15°夹角的人工礁体,具有较好地选择性。

Selectivity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus, Selenka) for key indicators in artificial reef structure design

The behavior and selectivity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) for key indicators (aperture, interval spacing, colour, included angle) in artificial reef structure design were studied and examined by mean attractive rate(MAR) method in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The MAR in artificial reef models increased as time went by. (2) The MAR in artificial reef models was significantly higher in natural light than in darkness (P<0.05). (3) The MAR was in the order of 2 cm> 4 cm, 16 cm> 8 cm (P<0.05) in different aperture reef models, 2 cm> 4 cm> 6 cm> 8 cm (P<0.05) in different interval spacing reef models, black, red, blue>green> white> transparent (P<0.05) in various colours reef models, and 15°> 30°> 45°, 60°> 90°, 120° (P<0.05) in different included angle reef models. Thus, the sea cucumbers ranging from 10 to 30 g, which showed negative phototaxis, need time to adapt to the artificial reef models and showed better selectivity for 2 cm aperture, 2 cm spacing, dark colour, 15°included angle than the other key indicators in artificial reef structure design.