A simple numerical representation of fully bonded passive rock reinforcement for hard rocks

Analysis of reinforced excavations in jointed rock requires that the functions of reinforcement be considered explicitly. This can be achieved in a computational model by calculating, for each reinforcement element, the forces generated by displacements across the discontinuity through which the element passes. Simple force-displacement relations are exploited to describe both shear and axial behaviour of a reinforcement element. Large shear displacements are assumed to be accompanied by simple geometric changes in an element where it crosses a discontinuity. The resultant numerical representation based on this model has been incorporated in a distinct element scheme for the analysis of blocky media. Illustrative examples are presented which compare the performance of the numerical model with results from laboratory scale physical experiments.