无人值守GNSS方法测定射电望远镜参考点

为解决常规射电望远镜归心测量工作耗时耗力的问题,引入GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)同步监测技术实现了一种针对射电望远镜参考点的无人值守监测方法.设计了针对GNSS靶标点观测数据的归算方法,包括数据匹配、数据检核以及后续精度评估等步骤,并对2018年佘山25-m射电VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)望远镜的GNSS靶标点实测数据开展了数据预处理、解析与归心解算等,证明了该方法的可行性.结果表明基于该方法,采用单日内部分(5%)数据(约7600个靶标点),所测定的VLBI望远镜参考点的点位形式精度可达3 mm.总结了针对射电望远镜采用GNSS开展无人值守归心测量先行试验中的一些经验教训,明确了利用该方法测量过程中应该注意的问题,为今后更高精度射电望远镜参考点无人值守归心监测提供重要参考.

Determining the Reference Point of the Radio Telescope in an Unattended GNSS Monitoring Method

In order to solve the time-consuming and labor-consuming problem in the traditional radio telescope site surveying task, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying technology is introduced to realize an unattended reference point (RP) monitoring method at a radio telescope. We design the algorithm of the reduction of the GNSS observations, including data matching, data verification, subsequent precision evaluation and so on. The GNSS target positions and other real-surveyed data of Sheshan 25-m VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) radio telescope collected in 2018 are used to perform data preprocessing, solution and RP determination and so on, which proves the feasibility of the method. The result shows the formal precision of the determined RP can reach up to 3 mm based on the subset of the observations (5%, $ $7600 GNSS tracking points) in a single day. In addition, some experiences and lessons in the pilot test of the unattended surveying at a VLBI station are summarized, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of using this method are clarified, which provides an important reference for high-precision site surveying in the future.