Genetic diversity,conservation and sustainable use of wild Agave cupreata and Agave potatorum extracted for mezcal production in Mexico |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico;2. CONACYT-CIBNOR, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico;3. Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAdeC), Blvd. V. Carranza, Col. Republica Oriente, C.P. 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico;4. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Saltillo, Carretera Saltillo-Zacatecas 9515, Col. Hacienda Buenavista, C.P. 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico;1. Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Km. 348 de la Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz, Congregación Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, CP 94946, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, CP, 94945, Mexico;3. CONACYT-Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Km. 348 de la Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz, Congregación Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, CP 94946, Mexico;1. Teagasc, Agriculture & Food Development Authority, Kinsealy Research Centre, Malahide Road, Dublin 17, Ireland;2. School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Felipe Pescador 1803 Ote, Colonia Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, Dgo C.P. 34080, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ingeniería en Tecnología de la Madera (FITECMA), Edificio D, CU, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Av. Fco. J. Mújica S/N. Col Felicitas de Río, Morelia, Michoacán C.P. 58040, Mexico;3. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S. C. (CIMAV-Unidad Monterrey), Grupo de Materiales Funcionales y Nanotecnología, Alianza Norte 202, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto km 10, Apodaca, Nuevo León C.P. 66628, Mexico;4. Departamento de Investigación de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas V. S/N. Col. República Ote, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25280, Mexico;5. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, PA 55-535, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 CDMX, Mexico;1. Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México DF, Mexico;2. Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México DF, C.P. 09340, Mexico;3. Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, México DF, C.P. 09340, Mexico;4. Comisión México Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales, Carretera México-Toluca km 15.5, Cuajimalpa, CP 05110, México DF, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Agave cupreata and Agave potatorum are semelparous species distributed on dry tropical forests in south Mexico. Extraction of reproductive individuals for spirits production has caused a decline of wild populations and has raised concerns about their long-term conservation. We assess the degree of genetic erosion of exploited populations and provide population genetics baseline data for developing sustainable use strategies of these species. ISSRs (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats, dominant nuclear markers associated to microsatellites) were used to analyze five populations of each species throughout their distribution range. We found high levels of variation (P > 80%; H > 0.30) and moderate to high differentiation (A. potatorum θ = 0.120; A. cupreata θ = 0.172). Isolation by distance was significant in A. cupreata. Our data indicate that these species are not genetically eroded in general, and that they retain their historical patterns of diversity inside populations. Three genetically distinct populations are identified where conservation efforts should be a priority. Our results are discussed in relation to the in situ reinforcement of populations based on seeds propagation, in contrast to micropropagation practices that may threaten the genetic diversity of the species studied considering previous reports on genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding depression in Agave. |
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