Structural evolution and asymmetric uplift of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis,Pakistan Himalya |
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Authors: | Peter J. Treloar Graham J. Potts John Wheeler David C. Rex |
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Affiliation: | (1) Dept. of Geology, Imperial College, SW7 2BP London, UK;(2) Present address: School of Geological Sciences, Kingston Polytechnic, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE Surrey, UK;(3) Present address: Dept. of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L69 5BX Liverpool, UK;(4) Present address: Dept. of Earth Sciences, Leeds University, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK |
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Abstract: | The Nanga Parbat syntaxis, in the NW Himalaya, is a still growing crustal-scale north-trending antiformal structure in the core of which Indian Plate gneisses have been uplifted from beneath the overthrust rocks of the Kohistan island arc. Isotopic and fission track geochronology show that uplift rates within the syntaxis have increased to present day rates of > 6 mm/yr. Uplift has been accommodated by a combination of initial northwest verging thrusting on the western margin of the syntaxis, followed by crustal scale folding within the syntaxis and latterly by dextral reverse faulting on the western margin. This thrusting, folding and faulting is the effect of deformation at the north-western lateral tips of the main Himalayan thrusts where they interfere with the south-southeast verging thrusts of the northwest Himalaya.
Zusammenfassung Nanga Parbat Konvergenz im nordwestlichen Himalaya ist eine noch im Wachsen begriffene nach Norden streichende antiformale Struktur im Krustenmaßstab. In ihrem Inneren wurden Gneisse der Indischen Platte aus der Nähe der überschobenen Gesteine des Kohistan Inselbogens herausgehoben. Isotopen- und Spaltspurengeochronologie zeigen, daß das Heraushebungsmaß innerhalb der Konvergenz zu der heutigen Rate von > 6 mm/a angestiegen ist. Die Heraushebung hat sich angepaßt an die Kombination von initialer NW-vergenter Überschiebung auf den westlichen Konvergenzrand, die gefolgt wurde von einer krustalen Faltung und lateral von dextraler antithetischer Verwerfung des westlichen Randes. Diese Deckenüberschiebung, Faltung und Verwerfung ist das Resultat der Deformation des nordwestlichen Ausstriches der Himalaya-Hauptüberschiebung, wo sie in Wechselwirkung mit der SSE-vergenten Überschiebung des NW-Himalayas steht.
Résumé La convergence du Nanga Parbat, dans le nordouest de l'Himalaya, est une structure antiforme d'orientation nord-sud, d'échelle crustale et toujours active; son c ur est occupé par des gneiss de la plaque indienne qui ont été soulevés à travers les roches charriées de l'arc insulaire du Kohistan. Les données géochronologiques obtenues à partir des isotopes et des traces de fission montrent que le taux de soulèvement a augmenté dans cette structure jusqu'à la valeur actuelle de plus de 6 mm/an. Le soulèvement s'est effectué par la combinaison d'un charriage initial, à vergence nordouest, sur la bordure ouest de la convergence, suivi d'un plissement d'échelle crustale dans la convergence et, latéralement, d'une fracturation par faille dextre inverse sur sa bordure ouest. Ce charriage, ce plissement et cette fracturation sont l'expression de la déformation à l'extrémité latérale nord-ouest des charriages principaux de l'Himalaya, où ils interfèrent avec les charriages à vergence sud- sud-est de l'Himalaya septentrional.
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![fcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1092.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1079.gif) ![pcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![pcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1043.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) , ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![mcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![zcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![jcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1081.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ucy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1091.gif) ![tcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ycy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) SSE ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![pcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![dcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Gcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1043.gif) ![icy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/x4v4k78030nlnwu0/xxlarge1077.gif) .
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