风能资源评估技术方法研究

全球性的能源危急和气候变化,驱动了风力发电在世界范围内迅速发展,搞清风能资源是大规模发展风电的关键步骤。文中首先回顾了近10年来开展风能资源评估的技术方法发展历程,阐述了数值模拟技术的应用对风能资源评估技术方法的发展所起的重要作用。风能资源的数值模拟可以给出风能利用高度上的风能资源分布;可以模拟出基于气象站观测资料的统计分析无法找到的风能资源;可以弥补海上测风资料不足的缺陷,进行海上风能资源的评估。文中运用中国气象局的风能资源数值模式系统地对江苏省和青海省的风能资源分布进行了高分辨率的数值模拟,并采用气象站观测资料对数值模拟结果进行了检验,结果表明数值模拟可以较准确地模拟区域风能资源的分布趋势,但在风速值大小会有系统性偏差,需要有测风塔观测资料对数值模拟结果进行订正,说明了数值模拟技术与风能资源测量相结合是风能资源评估的有效技术手段。最后对中国风能资源数值模拟技术的发展进行了展望,表明了中国风能资源的开发利用对自主发展小尺度数值模式的迫切需求。

Center for Wind and Solar Energy Resources Assessment, CMA, Beijing 100081

The global energy crisis and climate change promote the rapid development of wind power generation in the whole world.To know well the distribution of wind energy resource is the key step to expand wind power generation project.This paper firstly reviews the wind energy resource assessment technologies of the past 10 years and expatiates on the numerical simulation technology playing an important role in this field.The numerical simulation of wind energy resource is able to give the distribution of wind energy resource at any interested height and to reveal the wind resources undetected by the observational data.Moreover,it is also able to overcome the lack of observational data over the sea to assess the offshore wind resources.The distributions of wind resources in Qinghai and Jiangsu province in higher resolution were simulated by the CMA's numerical modeling system and the simulated results were checked by the observational data.It is shown that the CMA's numerical modeling system is able to accurately simulate the distributive trend of wind resource in the concerned region,but there are systemic errors in the size of wind resource between simulation and observation.The mask's observed data could be used to correct simulated results.It is also indicated that the numerical simulation method combined with wind resource measurement is the effective technology for wind resource assessment.In the end,this paper discusses the prospect of Chinese numerical simulation technology for wind resource assessment,and emphasizes that it is urgent to develop micro-scale numerical model independently.