关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策

关中盆地是一个完整的、相对独立的地下水系统,按含水介质的结构组合与空间分布以及地下水循环特征,文章将关中盆地地下水系统进一步划分为黄土台塬孔隙-裂隙含水系统、冲积平原孔隙含水系统、秦岭山前洪 积平原孔隙含水系统、渭北岩溶含水系统及基岩裂隙含水系统共5个亚系统和26个更次一级的子系统。在研究 各子系统水文地质特征、分析水资源开发利用现状的基础上,认为区内地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题有:地下水资源污染与浪费严重,重复利用率低;不合理开采地下水,出现负环境效应;行政区块限制,水资源宏观调配不够;地下水人工调控力度不够,不能有效地促进生态环境良性循环;对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等方面。 并针对存在的主要问题,提出了5项水资源可持续开发利用对策,包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。

GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COUNTERMEASURES OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE GUANZHONG BASIN

The Guanzhong Basin is a complete and independent groundwater system. Based on the water-bearing formation, spatial distribution of the water-bearing formation and groundwater circulation features, the groundwater system in the basin is divided into four major groundwater systems, i.e. pore-fissure groundwater system in the loess platform, pore groundwater system in the alluvial plains, karst groundwater system in the Weibei, and fissure groundwater system in bed rocks. Furthermore, 5 groundwater systems and 26 sub-systems are divided. Based on the analysis on features and current mining status of groundwater recourses, this paper discusses the problem occurring in the groundwater development, i.e. severe groundwater waste and water pollution, low utilization rate, improper groundwater allocation, unreasonable groundwater mining, negative environmental impacts, insufficient artificial control and groundwater study, planning and management lagging. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures for sustainable development of groundwater resources, i.e. groundwater saving, new groundwater provision sites locating, groundwater quality improving, water diverting, groundwater recharge increase, and groundwater management.