大兴安岭西北坡火烧迹地湿地格局变化及其影响因子研究

选取大兴安岭1987年特大森林火灾主要过火区的图强林业局育英和奋斗两林场作为研究区,利用地理信息系统软件,对其火后湿地格局变化以及森林水文功能恢复状况进行了分析。结果显示,与过火前相比湿地面积增加了77.56%,且分布趋于集中;森林的平均水文调节能力已得到初步恢复,但具有较高调节能力的林地所占面积有所减少;森林的水文调节能力、地形因子以及火烧强度对湿地分布格局的变化均有明显影响。在森林水文调节功能下降地区、地势较低的谷地,坡度平缓的坡地以及火烧强度较大的地区,湿地面积增加明显。

Wetland pattern change and affecting factors in the burned area of northern Great Hing'an mountains

The catastrophic forest fire on the northern slope of Great Hing'an Mountains in 1987 greatly affects the ecological environment. Wetland,as one of the important attributes,is very sensitive to the environment change. The Yuying and Fendou farms administered by Tuqiang forestry bureau,one of the mainly burned area in 1987 fire,are selected as the study area to reveal the wetland pattern change and the restoration of the regulating capacity of forest hydrology post-fire with GIS software. The results show that the total area of wetland increases by 77.56% with convergence tendency compared with that of pre-fire, and the average regulating capacity of forest hydrology restores a lot,but the area of high regulating capacity of forest hydrology decreases. The regulating capacity of forest hydrology,terrain factors and fire severity is related to the wetland pattern change. The increase of wet land is remarkable in valley,gentle slope and severe burned area,and also in area with decreasing regulating capacity of forest hydrology.