论人类活动的空间趋利行为

人类的经济与社会活动存在于空间中，并按照“趋利”的本质特性游离在空间中，形成一系列物质空间景观形态和作用关系表征的空间关联模式。如何看待行为与景观、行为与结构、行为与空间功能间的关系既具有理论意义，也具有重要的实践指导价值。我们所感知的客观世界是在空间逐利行为作用下形成的复杂综合体。为了保持人类社会可持续发展的空间福利，是放任空间行为任其对空间结构的塑造，还是通过建构功效空间来约束空间行为？哪个更有利于人类生存空间所体现的安全、健康和发展福利的保持？人类文明走到现在，恐怕向后者的转向是必然选择。本文基于政治经济学和空间经济学的思考，从分析人类的空间创利、逐利和寻租等空间行为切入，阐释空间趋利的基本特征与形式，及其体现的空间福利效应；剖析了生态文明转向趋势下功效空间组织和空间行为约束的必要性和机制；探索了可持续发展的空间行为模式、范式，进而导出功效空间建构与组织的基本准则。

Essential classification and its effects of spatial profit of human activity

Economic and social activities of human beings exist in space, and even spatially move from one place to another according to the nature of seeking benefit, and thus result in the formation of a series of spatial modes, performing as material space, landscape pattern, and relationship linkages. How to understand the relationships between behavior and landscape, behavior and structure, behavior and spatial function has important theoretical meaning and great values for practical application. The objective world that people have apperceived is a complicated complex formed by seeking spatial benefit. In order to maintain the sustainable development of space welfare for human beings, should people shape the spatial structure by their own arbitrary behaviors or restrain their spatial behaviors by building the effectivity space? Which one is more useful for maintaining the safety, health, and development welfare of people's living space? Till today, human civilization has experienced a long history, and it is the time to restrain people's behaviors to the nature. With the theories in political economics and spatial economics, this paper first illustrates the basic characteristics and patterns of spatial profiting, its spatial welfare effect by analyzing people's spatial behaviors such as benefit creating, benefit seeking, and rent seeking; and then explores the necessity and mechanism for restraining spatial organization and spatial behaviors on the way to ecological civilization; and finally it puts forward to the spatial behavior modes and paradigms for sustainable development, and further summarizes the basic principles for constructing effectivity space and organization.