中国新疆塔里木河流域的可持续灌溉农业--关于建立中国国家盐渍化研究实验室的建议

1　自然背景1.1　气候新疆是中国面积最大(约160万ｋｍ2)且最为干旱的省区,面积占60%的地势较低的地区(主要是塔里木和准葛尔盆地)的年均降雨量约为30ｍｍ,而山区(主要是阿尔泰,天山,昆仑山三大山脉)的年均降雨量约为250ｍｍ,部分地区高达600ｍｍ。盆地区域的大部分用水是来源于山区的常年性河川径流和众多的季节性小河流。新疆南部的年均蒸发量在2000～3400ｍｍ。1.2　盐渍化状况新疆的土壤盐渍化的范围很大。根据田长彦和宋郁东(1997)的研究,新疆80%的宜农荒地是盐渍化土壤,在耕作之前必须进行治理。土壤这的盐分主要来源于母岩的矿物和化…

Sustainable irrigation Agriculture in the Tarim River Basin of Western Xinjiang Province--A proposal for the extablishment of a Salinity Laboratory of P. R. China

Based on the background information and the personal impression obtained during a short visit to Tarim River basin, a few problems may be defined and a proposal is presented for establishing a salinity laboratiory in the Tarim river basin of Xinjiang. The problems encountered in the Tarim river basin can be grouped into four categories: (1) Salt reclamation through leaching and resalinization following irrigation; (2) Sodicity (alkalinity) problems; (3) Impermeable subsoil layers; (4) Irrigation water salinity. In order to ensure a sustainable irrigation agriculture in Xinjiang, the water utilization efficiency for both irngation and leaching will have to be improved. The solution for the existing problems and the prevention of future problems for sustainable production requires good quantitative information. It is considered that to establish a salinity laboratory in the Tarim River basin will be not only immediately applicable to Xinjiang' s salinity problems, but its results will be valuable also for other arid regions suffering from the similar problems in China.