能源合理利用与CO2减排的国际经验及其对我国的启示

减少温室气体排放，以减缓和控制气候变化，是《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的主要目标。美英法德日等主要发达国家，在工业化道路上，已走过数百年的历程，积累了包括能源节约和CO₂减排在内的先进技术和丰富经验。为了减少CO₂排放，实现可持续发展，必须借鉴国外在能源利用、结构调整和节能方面的经验。可供我国借鉴的国外经验主要有：(1)制订和实施能源合理利用与减少CO₂排放的发展战略；(2)建立和健全法律；(3)调整能源结构；(4)运用经济激励的政策和手段。

International Experience of the Rational Energy Use and CO2 Emission Reduction

One of the key goal in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol is that reducing greenhouse gas emissions and control climate change. The main developed countries, such as US, U.K., France, German and Japan, have cost several hundred years in their industrialization. As a result, they have accumulated some advanced technology and experience in energy saving and CO₂ emission reduction. As China′s economy developed fast and population increasing, energy will be exploited greatly and the emission of CO₂ will also be increased greatly. So we should make our best endeavors to control and reduce the emission of greenhouse, whether in the view of sustainable develop or under an international obligation. In order to reduce the emission of CO₂ and realize sustainable development we should learn the developed countries experience on energy use, structural adjustment and energy saving. Some foreign experience we can learn from is as follows: (1) planning and carrying out development strategies of rational energy use and CO₂ emission reduction; (2) establishing and improving laws; (3) adjusting energy structure; and (4) implementing economic incentive policies and measures.