沉积矿物学在古环境恢复中的应用进展

沉积矿物学是界于沉积学与矿物学之间的边缘交叉学科，它通过沉积物（岩）中矿物的组成、含量、组合特征、成因和单矿物化学成分、晶体结构、形态、性质的分析，研究沉积物在搬运、风化剥蚀、沉积过程和成岩过程中矿物的物理、化学行为特征．进而研究它们在时间、空间上的分布特征与规律，从而探讨物质来源、成因、形成演化历史与环境变迁等。近些年来沉积矿物学在研究古气候、物质来源、沉积环境、油气勘探以及构造演化中发挥着重要作用，成为古环境恢复与重建的重要研究手段之一。在阐述粘土矿物、重矿物、碳酸盐类矿物等的古环境意义的基础上，对其近20a来在湖泊、黄土、海洋古环境恢复当中的应用进展进行了回顾和评述。随着新的沉积矿物研究方法的不断出现和应用，结合沉积物的物理指标、化学指标以及古生物学等其他指标，沉积矿物学将在古环境重建中发挥越来越重要的作用，具有广阔的应用前景。

Sedimentary Mineralogy and its Application for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction

Sedimentary mineralogy is a new cross-disciplinary between sedimentology and mineralogy, It aims at the study of the mineral component, assemblage, concentration, genesis and chemical composition, crystal structure, morphology of mineral in sediments or sedimentary rock. Then study the physical, chemical behavior of minerals during the process of transport, weathering erosion, deposit processes and diagenesis. Furthermore, study their spatio-temporal？ distribution characteristics and regulars; so as to explore the source, genesis, and paleoenvironmental evolution such as. In recent years, the sedimentary mineralogy become to play an important role on the study of paleoclimate, source trace, sedimentary environment, gas and oil exploration and tectonic evolution. In this paper, the author illustrates the paleoenvironmental significance of clay mineral, heavy mineral, carbonate, reviews their recent progress on lake, loess and marine sediments during the last two decades. With the develop of research methods, combined with sediment physical indicators, chemical indicators and other indicators such as paleontology, sedimentary mineralogy will play an increasingly important role and has broad application prospects on paleoenvironment reconstruction.