Evaluation of the impacts of land-based contaminants on the benthic faunas of Jakarta Bay,Indonesia |
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| Institution: | 1. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;2. Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Research and Development Centre for Oceanology, Ancol, Jakarta, Indonesia;3. Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal management, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK;4. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;2. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;2. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;3. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;5. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;6. Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;2. School of Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3220, Australia;1. Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;2. Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate the impact of land-based contaminants on benthic faunas, as part of the Land-Ocean Contamination Study (LOCS), a study transect was established in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia during the 1996 southeasterly monsoon. The transect extended 72 km between the city's main port, Tanjung Priok, and the Pilau Seribu Island chain in the Java Sea. The dissolved concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni in seawater, in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surficial sea bed sediments were measured along the transect at nine sites. In addition, metal concentrations were measured in tissues of the corals Goniopora lobata and Lobophyllia hemprichii at five sites, and of the green mussel, Perna viridis at six sites. An assessment of the impact of contaminants on the faunas was made using a biomarker approach, employing coral community analysis and lysosomal stability with Perna viridis. The results of the study showed two main trends. The distributions of metals dissolved in seawater, in SPM, and in the coral and mussel tissues were similar, and failed to show a consistent graded response from inshore to offshore sites. This suggests that the concentration of metals in waters is the primary route for metal uptake by the coral and mussel tissues. By way of contrast, a clear offshore increase in coral generic diversity, coral cover, coral colony numbers and neutral-red retention time (lysosomal stability) was observed, suggesting increasing nearshore stress. Whilst the coral community stucture may reflect the seasonally-averaged metal distributions in the bay (shown by the metal content of sea bed sediments which increase shorewards), it is more likely that the coral community structure and lysosomal biomarker are responding principally to other nearshore stresses, such as sediment and nutrient loading of water (sewage) or, more likely, organic contaminants such as oils and other hydrocarbons. |
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