A morphodynamic model to simulate the seasonal closure of tidal inlets |
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| Institution: | 1. Geography and Environmental Science, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;2. Discipline of Geology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;3. Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal;1. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom;2. Coastal and Estuarine Unit, UCL Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;3. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom;4. Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, Venice, Italy;5. Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;6. Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;7. HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, United Kingdom;8. CoastalSEA, Winchester SO23 0JT, United Kingdom;9. UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands;10. Deltares, Postbus 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands;11. WSP, Keble House, Southernhay Gardens, Exeter EX1 1NT, United Kingdom;1. Coastal and Estuarine Unit, UCL Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;3. Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, USA;4. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK;5. Damara WA Pty Ltd, 5/19 Wotan St, Innaloo WA 6018, Australia;6. School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Environmental Dynamics Lab, School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;2. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;3. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;4. Center for Sustainability, Saint Louis University, 3694 West Pine Mall, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA |
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| Abstract: | Seasonally open tidal inlets usually occur in microtidal, wave-dominated coastal environments where strong seasonal variations of streamflow and wave climate are experienced. These inlets are closed to the ocean for a number of months every year due to the formation of sand bars across their entrances. The annual closure of these inlets inhibits ocean access for boats and could also cause deterioration of water quality in the estuary/lagoon connected to the inlet. As these estuaries/lagoons are commonly used as harbours or recreational facilities there is increased interest in keeping the inlets permanently open. A process-based numerical model capable of simulating inlet closure is invaluable in terms of identifying the natural processes governing inlet closure. As a further step, this type of model could also be used to determine the effect of any proposed engineering solutions to keep the inlet open on the adjacent beaches. A morphodynamic model capable of simulating the seasonal closure of inlets, which includes both longshore (LST) and cross-shore transport (CST) processes, was developed in this study. Application of the model to two idealised scenarios indicated that cross-shore processes govern inlet behaviour when LST rates were low. The Dean's criterion Dean, R.G., 1973. Heuristic models of sand transport in the surf zone. Proc. Conf. on Eng. Dynamics in the Surf Zone, Sydney, pp. 208–214.] for on–offshore transport was employed to show that, for small offshore wave incidence angles, onshore transport aided inlet closure when the offshore wave steepness (Ho/Lo) was less than the critical wave steepness (Ho/Lo)crit, while offshore transport helped to keep the inlet open when (Ho/Lo) was greater than (Ho/Lo)crit. LST was found to be the dominant process leading to inlet closure when (Ho/Lo) was much larger than (Ho/Lo)crit or when the offshore wave incidence angle was large. |
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