数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用

岩石内部的细观组成和结构决定了其在外力作用下的应力-应变状态，进而控制了其宏观力学响应和破坏机制。数字图像处理技术作为一种材料细观尺度上的空间结构精确测量和数字表述手段，已广泛应用于土、岩石及混凝土的细观结构定量分析中。应用数字图像处理进行的岩石细观力学研究是对岩石力学研究方法的革新。现阶段主要研究内容包括：岩石裂隙隙宽的非接触测量，数字表述岩石结构的非均匀性，进行岩石细观力学行为分析，将提取的岩石数字特征值与相应的岩石物性结合以实现岩石流-固耦合研究，建立基于数字图像技术的岩石细观力学数值模拟方法。在研究相关文献的基础上，对数字图像技术在岩石细观力学定量研究中的成果进行客观评述，探讨各种方法的优缺点，分析展望数字图像技术在岩石细观研究领域中的应用前景。

Application of digital image processing to rock mesomechanics

The internal mesomechanical constitution and structure of rock determine the stress and strain distributions; and hence control the failure mechanism and process of the rock under to loading. The digital image processing (DIP), adopted as a tool of precise measurement and digital representation for the spatial distribution of different components of geomaterials, has been widely applied to the internal structural quantitative analysis of rock at the meso-level. The digital image processing is currently taken as an innovative method for investigating the rock mesomechanical behavior. At present the relevant researches mainly focus on: non- contact measurement of rock fracture aperture, digital representation of rock heterogeneity, analysis of rock mesomechanical behavior, establishing correspondence of rock’s numerical characteristic with its physico-mechanical properties in order to achieve fluid and solid coupling mechanisms, establishing numerical simulations for rock mesomechanics. Based on a comprehensive review of related researches documented in literatures, this paper investigates and discusses in detail the characteristic and development of the digital image processing in quantitative analysis of various rock mesomechanical problems; and analyses the advantages and shortcomings of these research methods. The digital image processing has a great potential to be developed and utilized in rock engineering due to its proved efficacy in measuring geomaterial spatial distributions.