有毒赤潮藻种Pfiesteria piscicida的研究进展综述

根据１９９２～１９９９年国外发表的资料,对有毒赤潮藻种Ｐｆｉｅｓｔｅｒｉａ ｐｉｓｃｉｃｉｄａ Ｓｔｅｉｄｉｎｇｅｒ ｅｔ Ｂｕｒｋｈｏｌｄｅｒ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ的结构、行为、生活史、毒素及分泌方式、危害等各方面的研究进展进行了综述。结果表明,该藻是近年才发现的一种赤潮新种,是美国东海岸危害渔业的主要有害藻,具有复杂多变的结构、“幽灵般”的和赤和生活史、高活性的毒素及特殊分泌方式,对海洋生物和人类健康

REVIEWS OF STUDIES ON TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA

An increasing attention has been paid to a popularly called "ambush predator", new species of toxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger et Burkholder sp. nov., due to its "phantom-like" behavior and impacts of causing massive fish killing on the east coast of U. S. A. Pfiesteria piscicida was first discovered in 1988 in fish cultures at the North Carolina School of Veterinary Medicine. It was found to represent a new family, genus and species. It has a complex life cycle in which it transforms among an array of at least 24 flagellated, amoeboid and encysted stages. When fish swim into an area and linger to feed, their excreta triggers encysted cells to emerge and become toxic. When the fish die, flagellated stages transformed to amoeboid stages or dormant cyst stages in a short period of time. P. piscicida has been also linked to serious human health impacts. The effects include a suite of symptoms such as narcosis, development of sores, severe headaches and cognitive impairment. Both water-soluble and lipid--soluble toxic fractions for P. piscicida are known This paper introduces studies on its structure, life cycle, behavior, toxins, impact on marine organisms and human health, as well as field response action taken toward it. Since the Chinese coast has similar geographic position and climate conditions to the eastern U S. A., and many mariculture failures occurred in recent years for unknown reasons, the existence of this "phantom-like killer" in Chinese waters should be taken into consideration.