Vortex structure of neutron stars with triplet neutron superfluidity

The vortex structure of the “npe” phase of neutron stars with a ³P₂ superfluid neutron condensate of Cooper pairs is discussed. It is shown that, as the star rotates, superfluid neutron vortex filaments described by a unitary ordering parameter develop in the “npe” phase. The entrainment of superconducting protons by the rotating superfluid neutrons is examined. The entrainment effect leads to the appearance of clusters of proton vortices around each neutron vortex and generates a magnetic field on the order of 10¹² G. ³P₂ neutron vortex filaments combine with quark semi-superfluid vortex filaments at the boundary of the “npe” and “CFL” phases. At the boundary of the “Aen” and “npe” phases, they combine with ¹S₀ neutron vortex filaments. In this way, a unified vortex structure is formed. The existence of this structure and its collective elastic oscillations explain the observed oscillations in the angular rotation velocity of pulsars.