20世纪地球物理学的重要成就和21世纪的发展前沿

20世纪是地球物理学取得辉煌成就的重要历史时期。在这关键性的百年里实施了一系列大型且具全球性的研究计划。 2 1世纪必将在对地球本体的认识和解决水资源、矿产资源、自然灾害和环境 (包括空间环境 )方面继续作出新的重大贡献。只有深入研究地球内部物质与能量的交换 ,不同圈层的耦合及其深部动力过程才能深入探索地球系统的发展。为此 ,文中讨论三方面的问题 :(1)地球物理学的发展进程及其战略意义 ;(2 ) 2 0世纪地球物理学领域主要的重大成就 ;(3) 2 1世纪上、中叶地球物理学的发展前沿和导向。

GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS IN GEOPHYSICS IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND DEVELOPING FRONTIERS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

The 20th century is an important historical period in the development of geophysics, in which the geophysics has obtained splendid achievement. A series of large and global projects were realized in this century. Geophysics will continue making new and great contribution to the understanding of the Earth as a whole system, and to the solution for water, natural resources, natural calamity and environment (including space environment) problems in the 21st century. The exchange of substance and energy, the coupling of different spheres and layers, and the deep dynamical process of the interior of the Earth are inexorable law in the development of the Earth system and are the essentials for deeply understanding the Earth system. The author has discussed the following three subjects: (1) the development and the strategic significance of geophysics; (2) the great achievements of geophysics in the 20th century; (3) the developing frontiers and the guide direction of geophysics in the early and middle part of the 21st century.