深圳海岸海洋环境与空间规划研究

深圳是我国经济高速发展的海滨城市。最近20年城市发展中对海洋资源开发已取得巨大成就,特别在 海港建设、围海造地开拓城市用地空间等方面。文章是配合深圳城市发展建设,从海岸海洋环境资源的调查分析 着手,对海岸带利用作出空间规划。 深圳西岸是珠江口冲积平原,正处珠江河口区的最大浑浊带范围,泥沙淤积使岸线外移,是深圳海涂资源主要 分布区。至2000年深圳在海涂区已围海造地26.8km²,按规划至2010年,将再填海28km²。西岸的填海已影响到 珠江口深槽淤积、浅滩扩大及深圳湾污染加重。至2010年,预期围海工程完毕后,已达海涂开发与海洋环境容量 的极限,今后不能再围海造地。 深圳是中国南方主要外贸进出口港,可能会发展成与上海并列为中国的两个国际航运中心。2020年运量将超 过2亿吨,西岸深水港发展将饱和,深圳深水港后备基地将在东部海岸,大鹏湾东岸下沙、南澳沿岸是理想的大型 深水港后备基地。 利用深圳河及开凿梧桐山,贯通大鹏湾与深圳湾,这一深圳运河工程是改善深圳湾海洋环境、根治深圳河污染 的重要生态工程,同时还具有航运与旅游功能。

STUDIES ON COASTAL ZONE ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING IN SHENZHEN AREA, CHINA

Shenzhen, as a coastal city in southern China, has been marked by rapid economic development in the resent 20 years.During the development of the city, lots of good experiences have been gained in the exploitation of the marine resources, especially in the aspects of harbor construction, tidal flat reclamation to make the new land resources and so on. To meet the need of the further development of Shenzhen city, based on the investigation and analyses of the coastal ocean environment and resources, several concerned key points have been discussed and a planning for the utilization of the coastal ocean area has been suggested in this paper. The western part of the coast along the Shenzhen city belongs to the Pearl River estuary alluvial plain, and is just in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River mouth. Cause of the sediment siltation, the coastline keeps on progressing seawards and making new lands. As the result, the main tidal flat resource in Shenzhen has been formed. Total 26.8km 2 of the tidal flat in Shenzhen has been reclaimed by 2000. According to the programming, another 28km 2 will be further reclaimed till 2010. The reclamation in the western part has made serious impacts of the coastal ocean, including deep channel siltation in the Pearl River mouth, shoal extending, and contaminant aggravation in the Shenzhen Bay. Up to 2010, after the planned reclamation program is finished, the final limit between the reclamation and the capability of coastal ocean environment will be reached; as a result, the further reclamation activities should be avoided in this area. Shenzhen, as the chief special trade harbor in southern part of China, it would probably be developed to be another international shipping center in China as same as Shanghai in the eastern part. The annual traffic capacity will exceed two hundred million tons by 2020. The development of a deepwater harbor will be saturation in the western part, and the eastern part of the Shenzhen coast will become the base for the further development of deepwater harbor. Xiasha in the east bank of Dapeng Bay, and the coast along Nanao would be the considerable perfect potential bases for the development of large deepwater harbor. The Shenzhen canal project, the utilization of Shenzhen River and cutting Wutongshan Hill to connecting the Dapeng Bay and Shenzhen Bay, is an important ecologic project that will improve the marine environment of Shenzhen Bay and to solve the serious contamination problem of the Shenzhen River. Meanwhile, it could serve for transportation and tour. Some other suggestions and methods are also made for the beach protection, environment improvement, and ecologic construction in the sand bar-lagoon area in this paper.