新疆的干旱环境与滑坡,泥石流及其防治对策

新疆的干旱气候环境,导致荒漠广布.受温差悬殊制约,风化作用强烈.不论山地或平原,松散物均较发育,由于降水时空分布不均,崩,滑,流具有明显的时空分布特征,大雨、暴雨往往集中在夏季。暴雨洪流,融雪洪流成了引发泥石流的动力。特殊的内陆环境条件,决定新疆降水量有限。受水动力条件不足制约,新疆的滑坡多系小型土滑,且往往与泥石流共生。换句话说,滑坡为泥石流提供了物源。因此,对新疆滑坡,泥石流的治理,应本着近期治标,长期治本的原则,以土木系统工程治表、生物系统工程治本。与此同时,还要强调社会系统工程,作为实施各项防护举措的保证。通过综合治理,以促进改善生态环境。

ARID ENVIRONMENT, LANDSLIDES AND DEBRIS FLOW IN XING JIANG AND ITS PREVENTION AND CONTROLLING

Becallss of dry climate and difference in temperafure, desert are widly dispensed over the Xing Jiang,and weathering is very strong over there. As the distribu. fion of precipitation is uneven in time and space. Landslide, debris flow and rockfall have the same characteristics in its distribution. But limited precipitation decides that the most of landslides are little.scale and are always accomapnying with debris flow. To control landslide and debristlow,a comprehensive way considering the combination of civil system, biologic system and social system is suggested in this paper.