国内外氢能发展战略及其重要意义

为应对世界气候变化并丰富能源供给手段,实现碳中和目标,世界主要发达国家和地区均在2020年制定了本国的氢能战略,将发展氢能产业提升到国家能源战略的高度,旨在于2030—2050年间完成CO₂减排目标。详细介绍了世界各国的氢能发展战略、发展氢能在解决能源安全和生态安全中起到的作用、氢能制取的技术路线以及发展氢能带来的经济效益和社会效益,并着重介绍了地质工作在国家氢能战略部署和实施中的作用,主要包括: ①要保证充足的制氢原材料供给,需要大力勘探开发天然气、页岩气等化石能源; ②为封存制氢过程中产生的CO₂,地质工作者需要对储层和盖层开展详细的地质勘查; ③在发展大规模地质储氢中发挥作用,如地下盐穴储氢、废弃油藏储氢等。结合国情,我国应大力发展从煤气化制氢到CO₂管道运输,再到CO₂驱油及地质封存的一体化产业链,实现经济和社会的双收益。可为我国加速推进氢能战略部署提供借鉴。

Hydrogen energy development strategy and its important significance at home and abroad

In order to cope with global climate change, enrich energy supply approaches and achieve carbon neutrality, a majority of developed countries and regions around the world have formulated their own hydrogen energy strategies in 2020, and promoted the hydrogen energy industry development to the height of national energy strategies, aiming at achieving CO₂ emission reduction goals between 2030 and 2050. The authors in this paper have elaborated on the hydrogen energy development strategies in each country, the role of hydrogen energy development in solving energy security and ecological security, and the technical route of hydrogen energy production and the related economic and social benefits. Besides, the role of geological work in the deployment and implementation of national hydrogen energy strategy has also been described in detail: ① Exploration and exploitation of fossil energy sources such as natural gas and shale gas should be enhanced to ensure sufficient sources of raw materials for hydrogen production; ② It’s necessary to explore the meservoir and caproct syin the carbonarg produce; ③ Large-scale geological storage of hydrogen, such as underground salt caverns and abandoned reservoirs storage of hydrogen, has also play an important role. According to the national conditions, China should strive to develop the integrated industrial chain from hydrogen production by coal gasification to CO₂ pipeline transportation, and then to CO₂ flooding and geological storage, to achieve both economic and social benefits, which would also provide some reference for promoting hydrogen energy development strategy.