碳酸盐工厂与浅水碳酸盐岩台地: 研究进展与展望*

碳酸盐岩具有广泛的时空分布,主要为生物成因,而该生物成因属性注定了其与海洋生物、海洋化学条件等密切相关。海相碳酸盐岩沉积相模式对于描述、表征和解释碳酸盐岩地层结构成因具有重要的指导意义。本文回顾了近70年来碳酸盐岩沉积相模式从二维水体能量模型到三维地形模型的发展变化。如何深入分析不同形态特征和内部构成的碳酸盐岩台地的成因机制,解读其相应的地球生物-环境演化信息,是当前和下一步需要努力的方向。为此本文介绍了碳酸盐工厂和碳酸盐岩台地成因方面的研究进展,强调了碳酸盐岩地层的时代特殊性,并以滇黔桂地区为例,从碳酸盐工厂分析的角度剖析了该区二叠纪吴家坪期碳酸盐岩沉积学研究现状,展望了下一步的研究方向,旨在引起同行重新认识生物和海洋环境条件在碳酸盐岩台地演化中的作用,重视全球空间尺度范围内同时代碳酸盐岩的相似性与差异,并从古生态角度入手开展碳酸盐工厂分析,发掘碳酸盐岩台地的生物学和海洋学意义。

Carbonate factory and carbonate platform: Progress and prospects

Carbonate rocks are widely distributed in spatial and temporal. Most carbonates are biogenetic,which depend highly on marine biological and chemical and other intra-basinal environments. Such a biogenetic nature provides great potentials in deciphering marine biology and chemical conditions. Depositional facies model plays a key role in describing,characterizing and interpreting of ancient carbonate rocks. This paper briefly reviewed the development of the facies model in the past 70 years,from the 2D water-energy profile model to the 3D topographic profile model. How to deeply analyze the formation mechanism of the carbonate platform with different external shape and internal structures and to interpret the biological and environmental signals from them will be the next research focus. On this basis,this paper firstly introduced the progress in the formation mechanism of the carbonate factories and the carbonate platform,and emphasized the age-sensitive pattern of the carbonate platform. Then a case study from the Wuchiapingian(Permian)carbonate platform in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is used,in the view of carbonate factories,to scrutinize the current research status and propose the future research direction.This paper aims to recall geologists' attention to the role of the biotic evolution and marine environment in the development of the carbonate platform,to the similarities and differences of time-equivalent carbonate rocks in a global scale,and to explore the biological and oceanic significance of carbonate platform through the carbonate factory analysis.