博斯腾湖环境变化及其与焉耆盆地[2]绿洲开发关系研究

文章从自然和人类活动两方面分析了自1958年以来博斯腾湖环境变化。认为：近40年来，自然因素对湖水位变化的影响力要大于人为活动对湖水位变化的贡献，绿洲开发引起的入湖水量减少和大量的高矿化度农田排水排入湖区使博斯腾湖迅速演变为微咸湖，控制着博斯腾湖水化学类型的变化和形成。在此基础上，探讨了博斯腾湖环境变化与焉耆盆地绿洲开发和绿洲环境变化相互作用的机理，指出尽管近10几年来绿洲环境的发展是可持续的，但整个焉耆盆地环境持续发展关键在于控制绿洲开发利用规模。适宜的绿洲发展规模，可保证绿洲环境和博斯腾湖环境的可持续发展。

Environmental change in Bosten Lake and its relation with the oasis reclamation in Yanqi Basin

The paper analyzes the environmental change in Bosten Lake since 1958 and points out the reasons in the context of both natural environment and human activities. In the last 40 years, the impacts of the natural factors on water level change is more than the contribution of human activities in the water level change; however, the water quality change is mainly influenced by human activities. The fact that Bosten Lake has become a salt water lake rapidly from a fresh water one is related to special geographical location of the Lake, but it mainly resulted from the reduction of Bosten Lake input amount and a great quantity of water from farmaland drained into the Lake, especially the latter. Farmland drainage is not only the direct reason leading to the increase in the mineral concentration of Bosten Lake, but also a key effect on the hydrochemical change and controls the formation of hydrochemical type of Bosten Lake water.　　Based on the above analyses, the paper further discusses the mechanism of the interaction between the environmental change of Bosten Lake and the environmental change of oasis in Yanqi Basin, and points out that over the last 10 years, the environmental change of oasis in Yanqi Basin has been sustainable. However, the sustainable development of the whole Basin's Yanqi environment depends largely on the reclamation scale of oasis. The appropriate scale of oasis reclamation in Yanqi Basin ensures the sustainable development of environment of both the Lake and oasis in the Basin.