论岩体力学介质

岩体力学为工程建设和地学研究的基础学科。它的基础性课题有两个:(1)在各种条件下岩体受力时的变形和破坏规律;(2)岩体中应力传播规律。不论土木工程、矿山工程及地学研究等工作向岩体力学提出的课题怎样多,归根到底都是受这两个课题所控制。现在对这两个中心课题以及其他一些专业性课题不仅进行了大量的实验研究,而且对研究结果进行了大量的综合和总结,出版了许多岩体力学方面的专著。尽管如此,目前岩体力学体系还没有形成,主要是由于对岩体力学介质特点缺乏明确的认识。

ON THE MECHANICAL MEDIUM OF A ROCK MASS

The mechanism of deformation, failure and stress propagation in a rock mass is mainly controlled by its structure, lithology and the ground stress state. There are three typical mechanisms and mechanical laws. In light of the abovementioned view a rock mass can be subdivided into three varieties of mechanical medium, i. e. blocky faulted medium, blocky jointed medium and continuous medium. The mechanical effect of rock mass in the blocky faulted medium is dependent on the soft structure surface, and it is controlled by the structural nature in the blocky jointed medium showing a elear mechanical effect of rock mass structure. As to the third one it is chiefly dependent on the lithological charater and facies, and its scale effect appears less clear. Accordingly, there exist three theories and ways researching the mechanical properties of a rock mass. Thus the three medium and theories and methods of testing altogether constitute a complete theoretical system of rockmass mechanics.