中国海海葵目(刺胞动物门:珊瑚虫纲)物种多样性与区系特点

基于对中国海域海葵目700余条采集记录的分类整理和分析,对中国海域的海葵物种多样性与区系特点进行了总结。迄今共记录并核实了81个海葵目物种,其中黄渤海有29种,东海有23种,南海有55种,物种多样性呈"南海最高、黄渤海次之、东海最低"的分布格局。中国海海葵目这一分布模式既与中国大多数海洋生物类群由北向南递增的物种多样性格局不同,也不同于其所隶属的珊瑚虫纲与刺胞动物门从赤道向两极明显减少的纬度梯度分布模式,亦与全球海葵目物种多样性由南北纬30o—40o向低纬度热带海域和高纬度逐步降低的分布格局不同。本文将我国海城分布的海葵进行了区系划分并分析了各海域海葵的区系特点,探讨了驱动海葵物种多样性分布的环境因素。

SPECES DIVERSITY AND FAUNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORDER ACTINIARIA (CNIDARIA: ANTHOZOA) IN THE SEAS OF CHINA

Based on more than 700 records of the order Actiniaria Hertwig, 1882 collected from the seas of China, the species diversity and faunal characteristics of sea anemones are summarized. A total of 81 species are recognized, and the highest diversity is found in the South China Sea (55 species), next in the Yellow Sea (29 species), and the least in the East China Sea (23 species). The distribution pattern of actiniarians is different from the common pattern of marine species diversity that increases from the north to the south in the sea areas of China, and different from the latitudinal gradient distribution pattern of Anthozoa and Cnidaria to which sea anemones belong. It is also different from the global distribution pattern of actiniarians that the greatest species richness is located in 30°-40°N and 30°-40°S, fewer in tropical latitudes and the fewest species in polar areas. Furthermore, the faunal communities of the Chinese actiniarians were analyzed, which include 18 cold water species, 60 warm water species and 3 eurythermal species. The faunal characteristics of sea anemones and the environmental factors driving the species diversity in the seas of China are reviewed additionally.