长江口及其临近海域大型底栖动物功能群演替初探

本研究利用2006年、2009年、2011年和2013年所获得的长江口及临近海域大型底栖动物样品进行功能群分类,并与相应环境因子进行相关性分析。历年调查获得大型底栖动物分别为256种、251种、261种和343种,分为五类功能群,包括浮游生物食者(planktophagous group, Pl)、植食者(phytophagous group, Ph)、肉食者(carnivorous group, C)、杂食者(omnivorous group, O)、碎屑食者(detritivorous group, D)。研究发现在调查区域中平均生物量和平均密度均有上升,底栖动物整体趋于小型化,其中肉食者功能群占主导地位,浮游生物食者功能群增长较快,植食者功能群数量较少。环境因子中,溶解氧、硝酸盐、pH和温度对功能群生物密度的影响较大。本研究通过分析功能群演替及其与环境因素的关系为日后大型底栖动物功能群演化的研究提供基础资料,为生态修复提供基本数据支持。

THE SUCCESSION OF MACROBENTHIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS

Marine surveys were conducted and samples collected on macrobenthic fauna composition and distribution in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary and its adjacent waters in 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2013. The functional groups were classified and their correlations with corresponding environmental factors were analyzed. The macrobenthic species number of each calendar year was respectively 256, 251, 261, and 343, based on which five functional groups were recognized, including planktophagous, phytophagous, carnivorous, omnivorous, and detritivorous. Results show that in the study area, both average biomass and average biological density increased, and species of the benthic fauna tended to be miniaturized. The carnivorous functional group dominated, the planktophagous functional group increased rapidly, and the phytophagous functional group remained small in proportion. Among the environmental factors, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, pH, and temperature had a great influence on the biological density of functional groups.