岩石圈地震前兆异常机制

对于电磁卫星所观测到的地震震前电磁异常现象的机制，即电磁异常如何从岩石圈穿过大气层耦合到电离层及其以上空间，目前仍是尚未解决的问题.本文主要介绍目前大量有关地震岩石圈异常的机制研究，力图从卫星地震电磁异常的源头—岩石圈地震来获得相关认识.岩石圈地震前兆异常包括：地表变形、水位变化、悬浮薄雾、超低频（ULF）电磁异常、山脊或山顶发光闪电、卫星红外图片大范围数度温度异常、磁场高于地磁偶极场的0.5%、电离层等离子体密度变化、动物奇异行为等.人们提出了许多试图解释各种异常现象的假说，如热耦合假说、气泡运移假说、边界位错充电假说、离子空穴运移假说等.本文希望通过对以上各种假说提出的基础、物理机理以及异常现象解释的探讨，促进对岩石圈地震前兆异常现象机理认识，从而为地震电磁异常的正确认识提供更有力的帮助.

Mechanism of the lithosphere earthquake precursor anomalous phenomena

It is still an unsolved question how the electromagnetic anomalies observed on the electromagnetic satellite move from the Lithosphere to the ionosphere or the aerosphere.In this paper I collect lots of anomalous mechanism about the lithosphere earthquake and want to acquire the corresponding understanding from the source of the electromagnetic anomalous phenomena-lithosphere earthquake.It includes: bulging of the Earth's surface,changing of the well water levels,ground-hugging fog,low frequency electromagnetic emission,earthquake lights from ridges and the tops,magnetic field anomalies up to 0.5% of the Earth's dipole field,temperature anomalies by several degrees as seen in the satellite images,changes in the plasma density of the ionosphere,and the strange animal behavior and so on.Now several hypotheses were introduced to try to interpret the diverse anomalies,including thermal anomalies on the Earth surface with the Atmosphere-lithosphere coupling,gas-fluid "bubble",upward migration,crack propagation and the motion of charged edge dislocation,Positive-hole-pairs(PHPs) motion and so on.Earthquake precursor anomalous phenomena's process and the mechanism studied and the explanation are discussed in the paper.Although there are some defects in these hypotheses,it would give us a powerful help to correctly realize the electromagnetic anomalous phenomena with the development of study on the mechanism of the Lithosphere Earthquake precursory anomalous phenomena step by step.