铼金属矿床类型、元素赋存形式和富集机制

铼是一种战略性的稀散金属矿产，很少形成独立的矿床，多数以伴生元素的形式产出于斑岩型岩浆热液系统。研究表明，富铼矿床主要分布于活动大洋或大陆板块边缘，成因上主要与板块俯冲或碰撞作用紧密联系。富铼矿床成矿时代较新，主要为喜马拉雅期和燕山期。已报道的铼独立矿物约11种，主要包括自然铼、硫铼矿、铜铼矿、钌铼矿、氧化铼等，其中以硫铼矿为主。大多数的铼主要以类质同像的形式赋存于辉钼矿中，其次为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、黑钨矿等。富铼辉钼矿通常形成于中低温热液体系，辉钼矿中铼常显示不均匀性和多阶段性富集特征，最普遍的置换机制为Re4+?Mo4+。自然界中，由于铼独特的化学行为，铼可以以气相、络合物或离子的形式迁移。在不同的物理化学（如温度、pH、氧逸度、硫逸度等）条件下，相对低温、低pH、还原环境更有利于铼的富集沉淀。为了进一步完善铼金属成矿理论，需着重加强铼的成矿物质来源、赋存状态以及铼富集机制的研究。 

Types,element occurrence forms and enrichment mechanisms of rhenium metal deposits

Rhenium is a strategic rare metal mineral that rarely forms independent deposits.Most of it is produced in the form of associated elements in the porphyry magmatic hydrothermal system.Studies have shown that rhenium-rich deposits are mainly distributed on the edges of active oceans or continental plates, and their genesis are mainly closely related to plate subduction or collision.The mineralization age of rich rhenium deposits is relatively new, mainly in the Himalayan and Yanshanian periods.There are about 11 independent rhenium minerals reported, mainly including natural rhenium, pyrite, copper rhenium, ruthenium rhenium, rhenium oxide, etc., among which rhenium sulfite is the main one.Most rhenium is mainly present in molybdenite in the form of isomorphism, followed by chalcopyrite, pyrite, wolframite. Rhenium-rich molybdenite is usually formed in a medium-low temperature hydrothermal system.Rhenium in molybdenite often shows heterogeneity and multi-stage enrichment characteristics.The most common replacement mechanism is Re4+?Mo4+.In nature, due to the unique chemical behavior of rhenium, rhenium can migrate in the form of gas phase, complex or ion.Under different physical and chemical conditions (such as temperature, pH, oxygen fugacity, sulfur fugacity), relatively low temperature, low pH, and reducing environment are more conducive to the enrichment and precipitation of rhenium.The paper points out that in order to further improve the metallogenic theory of rhenium, it is necessary to focus on the research on the source, occurrence state and enrichment mechanism of rhenium.