中国东、中、西三大地区水资源绿色效率时空演变特征与收敛性分析

本文基于SBM模型,通过构建共同前沿和群组前沿函数,分析了中国东、中、西部三大地区水资源绿色效率的时空差异及空间重心转移规律,并对群组前沿下水资源绿色效率TFP进行了收敛性检验。研究结论为：①东部地区技术落差比率高达1,而中西部地区仅为0.404和0.551,表明了中国东部地区水资源利用技术更接近共同前沿,而中西部地区水资源利用技术还有很大的提升空间,同时也证实了对水资源绿色效率进行划区研究的必要性;②群组前沿下水资源绿色效率更具合理性,更能真实地反应水资源绿色效率的变化情况;③从水资源绿色效率的空间重心转移路径可以看出,研究前期东部地区水资源绿色效率不断提升,而中西部地区则有所下降,研究后期在东西和南北2个方向上逐渐趋于失衡;④全国整体及中、西部地区水资源绿色效率TFP存在着σ收敛,且全国及东、中、西部地区均存在显著的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,说明各地区水资源绿色效率的TFP差异会随着时间的推移收敛到各自的稳定状态。

Temporal and spatial evolution of green efficiency of water resources in China and its convergence analysis

Using the slacks-based measure (SBM) model, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial differences of green efficiency of water resources and the shift of spatial center of gravity in China by constructing the meta-frontier and group-frontier functions, and convergence tests of the green efficiency total factor productivity (TFP) of the frontier water resources of the group-frontier. The result shows that the technology gap ratio in the eastern region is as high as 1 and only 0.404 and 0.551 in the central and western regions, and verifies that the green efficiency of water resources in the frontier of the group is more reasonable and can reflect the green efficiency of the water resources, and proved the necessity of zoning research on the green efficiency of water resources. The green efficiency of water resources in different regions of China has a large technological gap relative to the different technological frontiers, and the average green efficiency of water resources in many areas is lower than the national average. The green efficiency of water resources in China is generally low and there is still much room for improvement. In the early stage of the study period, the green efficiency of water resources in the eastern part of China increased continuously, while the central and western regions experienced declines. In the later period, imbalance is observed in the east-west and north-south directions. Green efficiency of water resources in the mainland of China as a whole and the central and western regions exhibited TFP σ convergence, indicating that the overall green efficiency of water resources TFP difference will disappear automatically with the passage of time. At the national level and in the eastern, central, and western regions, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence are significant, indicating that the green efficiency of regional water resources TFP differences will convergence to a steady state with the passage of time.