城市化与生态环境关系研究热点与前沿的图谱分析

城市化与生态环境关系的相关研究已成为人地关系地域系统研究的热点问题与前沿领域。基于1999-2016年WOS和CNKI数据库中城市化与生态环境相关研究主题的文献样本数据,利用Excel、SPSS和CiteSpace软件,通过学科共现分析、文献共被引分析、突现词探测、关键词共现分析和多维尺度分析等,系统梳理了城市化与生态环境关系研究领域的前沿、知识基础、现状热点与发展动态,结果显示：①研究前沿从城市化与生态环境系统的单一要素逐渐走向多要素综合研究,由单向作用逐步转向系统间和系统外部的相互作用研究;②快速城市化背景下土地利用变化、生态系统服务、气候变化、景观格局和生态环境效应等方面已成为近期研究热点;③国内相关研究缺乏在多尺度视角下利用新技术集成方法进行跨学科的综合性研究。最后,提出了城市化与生态环境的基本格局—过程—机理、跨区域的多尺度研究、城市化的生态环境效应及其影响因素、快速城市化过程中生态环境问题形成与优化调控、城市化与生态环境的可持续发展等领域的研究展望。

Research hotspots and prospects of urbanization and ecological environment relationship based on visual knowledge mapping

The relationship of urbanization and ecological environment has become an important research field in the study of regional human-environment system. Based on the data of research topics related to urbanization and ecological environment retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from 1999 to 2016 and using Excel, SPSS, and CiteSpace software, this study drew the visual knowledge maps based on co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, detection of burst terms, keywords co-occurrence analysis, and multidimensional scaling analysis. (1) The research frontiers gradually moved from the relationship between urbanization and single factors of the ecological environment system to the comprehensive research of multi-factors, and shifted from single effect to interactions within and between systems. (2) Under the background of rapid urbanization, land use change, ecosystem services, climate change, landscape patterns, and eco-environmental effects have become the focus of recent research. (3) There is a lack of interdisciplinary research on the use of integrated methods of new technologies in a multi-scale perspective. Finally, we present the prospects of future study, which include research on the patterns-processes-mechanism of the relationship of urbanization and ecological environment, transregional multi-scale research, environmental effect of urbanization and influencing factors, formation and regulation of ecological environment problems in the process of rapid urbanization, and sustainable development of urbanization and ecological environment. These prospects and reviews would help to offer revelation and reference for relevant research in China.