基于主体功能区划的湖南省乡村转型发展评价

乡村转型是实现乡村可持续发展的重要路径,确立与主体功能定位相协调的乡村转型路径与政策,是促进区域城乡融合发展、实现乡村振兴的重要举措。本文以湖南省为例,围绕人口、土地、产业等乡村转型发展3类要素,构建乡村转型度评价指标体系,并计算各县(市、区)2006-2011年和2011-2016年2个阶段的乡村转型度,并基于主体功能区划方案分析各类主体功能区乡村转型发展差异及驱动机制。研究结果显示：受自然条件、区位因素、经济基础、政策环境等因素的影响,各主体功能区乡村转型特征存在差异;重点开发区乡村转型主要是城镇带动型,城镇辐射力、市场推动力以及农户决策力作用突出,乡村转型度高、乡村转型速度快;农产品主产区乡村转型主要是现代农业推动型,资源支撑力、政策推动力以及文化根植力起主导作用,乡村转型度较高、乡村转型速度较快;重点生态功能区乡村转型主要是政府推动型,受地形条件、经济基础以及资源环境约束,乡村转型度较低、转型速度较慢。各类主体功能区2011-2016年的乡村转型度相比于2006-2011年均有所提升。湖南省主体功能区规划方案在一定程度上体现了乡村发展的差异性,但其主体功能区政策在乡村转型发展过程中的引导作用有待进一步加强。

Evaluation of rural transformation development in Hunan Province based on major function oriented zoning

Rural transformation is an important way to achieve sustainable development of rural areas. The establishment of rural transformation path and policy in line with major function-oriented zoning is an important measure to promote the integration of urban and rural development and achieve rural revitalization. Taking Hunan Province, an agricultural region in central China, as an example and based on major function oriented zoning, this study constructed an evaluation index system of rural transformation degree around the core elements including population, land, and industry. We calculated the rural transformation degree of each county during 2006-2011 and 2011-2016, and analyzed the spatial differences and driving mechanisms of rural transformation development in various major function oriented zoning. The results show that the characteristics of rural transformation in different major function oriented zones varied because of factors such as natural condition, location, economic foundation, and policy environment. Rural transformation in prioritized development zones was mainly driven by cities and towns. The role of urban influences, market drivers, and farmers' decision-making power was outstanding. The degree of rural transformation was high and the speed was fast. Rural transformation in main agricultural zones was mainly driven by modern agriculture. Resource support, policy impetus, and cultural embeddedness played a leading role. The degree of rural transformation was relatively high, and the speed was relatively fast. Rural transformation in key ecological function zones was mainly driven by the government. Due to the constraints of topography, economic basis, and resources and the environment, the degree of rural transformation was relatively low, and the speed was relatively slow. The rural transformation degree of all major function orientedzones during 2011 to 2016 was improved compared with that during 2006 to 2011. The major function oriented zoning scheme of Hunan Province reflects the difference of rural development to some extent, but the guiding role of major function-oriented zoning policy in the process of rural transformation development needs to be strengthened.