移民对中国在美国直接投资的影响研究

基于中国对美国各州的移民和直接投资数据,运用重心模型分析得出：美国华人移民的人口重心和集聚重心均向东北方向移动,中国对美国直接投资的重心变化区域也位于美国东、中部地区,二者在空间上的重叠性和耦合性日益增强。进而运用灰色关联法实证华人移民对中国在美国直接投资的影响处于中等水平,且影响长期稳定。

The Impact of Chinese Immigrant on China's Foreign Direct Investment in the United States

Chinese outward foreign direct investment to the United States (US) has achieved rapid growth since 2008 and reached $38.011×10¹⁰ in 2014, which has covered 46 states or districts by now. At present, the United States has become the largest foreign direct investment destination for China. Under this background, the study of the influencing factors of China's direct investment should be extended from the analysis of economic factors to non-economic factors. Chinese traditional business culture emphasized that personal networks should be established to reduce transaction costs and the uncertainty of the new market. After living abroad for many years, Chinese immigrants have a profound understanding on the local economy, culture, customs, law and politics and so on, and become a bridge between domestic and abroad. So they are the special resource for Chinese enterprises overseas. With the stable growth of the Chinese immigrants in the United States, their influence on the local economic, cultural and political development is in deepening, which has special significance to the transnational operation and location choice of Chinese enterprises. However the relevant research in this area is rare. Therefore, it is a question worthy of our in-depth inquiry that what the influence of Chinese immigrants on COFDI in the US have, and how to make full use of this kind of potential advantage to avoid the negative impacts from globalization and promote the economic development of economy of our country. This article takes the Chinese immigration as one of the factors that affect China's direct investment in the United States, firstly analyzed the impact of Chinese immigrants on the COFDI within the United States which attracts Chinese immigrants and direct investment, discusses how the Chinese immigrants influence the location choice of China's direct investment at the state level. It took 50 states and the District of Columbia as the research area and analyzed the evolution process, spatial pattern and spatial coupling by gravity model based on the data about Chinese immigrants and direct investment in the US. More over, the gray relational model is used to analyze the influence of immigration factors on China's direct investment in the United States. The results are as follows: The gravity center of Chinese immigrants and COFDI in the United States is mainly located in the Missouri-based Central and Eastern region of the United States. The track gravity center of Chinese immigration and investment entry times presented on the the Arc GIS space map respectively an "S" and a spiral line, and the track of investment intensity gravity center changed in a larger range with jumping characteristics. The regional distribution of Chinese immigrants in the United States tends to be stable, while the location choice of direct investment is still in changing. However, the overlapping of gravity center of Chinese FDI and Immigrant is higher and higher, and the spatial coupling is more stronger. The analysis results show that compared with other factors, the impact of the immigration on China's direct investment in the United States is at a moderate level with a relatively steady state.