长江经济带城市绿色全要素生产率时空分异及区域问题识别

运用非期望产出的Malmquist-Luenberger指数、ESDA方法探讨长江经济带城市绿色全要素生产率变化时空格局,以GIS空间叠加方法对城市绿色TFP变动主要类型进行划分,识别不同类型城市存在的发展问题。研究结果显示：考虑非期望产出的长江经济带城市绿色TFP提升更明显,污染物减排效应反映出的技术进步对绿色TFP改善贡献突出;区域差异表现为上、中、下游城市绿色TFP增长率依次递减;长江经济带城市绿色TFP变化具有显著空间自相关性,局部热点区域表现为上、中、下游“哑铃”型分布,并开始由下游地区逐步向上游地区转移。最后将长江经济带城市划分为绿色TFP增长严重滞后型、技术进步引发绿色TFP增长滞后型、综合效率引发TFP增长滞后型、技术进步滞后型、综合效率滞后型、绿色TFP增长稳定型等6种类型区域,并从提升区域协同发展水平、明确主体功能、强化城市群辐射功能、加快绿色发展动力转换等方面提出长江经济带实现保护与开发协调发展的主要途径。

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Green Total Factor Productivity and Identification of Area Problems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

In this article, the Malmquist-Luenberger index based on directional distance function and ESDA method are used to study the characteristics of GTFP change stages, regional differences and spatial agglomeration patterns of 108 cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2014. Then the article divides the main types by GIS spatial superposition method to identify the problems of different areas. The results suggest the following findings: 1) The GTFP promotion considering undesired outputs of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is more obvious. The technological progress reflected by the pollutant reduction effect contributes to the improvement of TFP. 2) GTFP changes show great regional differences and significantly spatial clustering characteristics, and the GTFP promotions of the lower, the middle, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt decrease sequentially. The hotspot region distributes “dumbbell-shape”, and shifts from the lower reaches to the upper reaches. 3) The Yangtze River Economic Belt is divided into six types as GTFP growth lagging type, GTFP growth lagging due to technical change type, GTFP growth lagging due to efficiency change type, technical change lagging type, efficiency change lagging Type and GTFP steady growth type. Finally, the article puts forward the main ways to realize the coordinated development of protection and development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the aspects of promoting regional coordinated development, clarifying the main function, strengthening the radiation function of urban agglomeration and speeding up the transformation of green development power.