基于行动者网络和共享经济视角的乡村民宿发展及空间重构——以深圳官湖村为例

立足于乡村空间多元分化研究的学术背景,采用深度访谈法,结合行动者网络分析框架,对深圳市官湖村民宿集群旅游空间发展的过程和空间重构效应进行分析。结果表明：①民宿业主和熟人网络是官湖村民宿旅游发展的核心行动者,在其主导推动下实现了乡村物质景观空间和社会空间的转型和重构。②官湖村的空间重构过程中,民宿旅游的行动者网络空间随着熟人网络的不断建构和转译而促成越来越多分散的人力资本、经济资本和社会资本集中并转化为官湖村发展的社会资源。民宿业主和熟人网络共同构成了官湖村发展的非结构性动力主体。③外来行动者构建的新型社会熟人网络,与官湖村传统社会熟人网络因无法完成转译过程和连通,造成官湖村民宿业主等群体和当地村民等群体的社会分化隔离与关系网络的权力斗争,进而引起动力机制从非结构性向二元动力机制转变,带来新的物质空间重构。④在共享经济演进过程中,官湖村形成一种基于社会熟人关系网络,线下为主并与线上相结合的商品共享和服务交易的新型共享经济模式,是一种比互联网中介更加低成本的共享方式。

Development process of rural homestay tourism and spatial restructuring with the actor-network method from the perspective of shared economy: A case study of Guanhu Village in Shenzhen

Based on the academic discussion of multivariate differentiation of rural space, this article analyzes the spatial development process and effects of homestay area in Guanhu Village in Shenzhen using the in-depth interview method and the actor-network theory. The results show that: (1) Homestay place owners and acquaintance networks are the key actors in the development of Guanhu Village, which helped realizing the transformation and restructuring of the rural material space as well as the social space. (2) In the spatial restructuring process of Guanhu Village, the actor-network space of homestay tourism was formed with the continuous construction and translation of acquaintance network, and increasingly the previously dispersed human, economic, and social capitals became concentrated and transformed to social resources. Therefore, the homestay place owners and acquaintance networks forms the nonstructural driving force in the development of Guanhu Village. (3) The new social acquaintance network constructed by external actors and the traditional social acquaintance network of Guanhu Village cannot complete the process of translation and communicate, not only causing the social differentiation between homestay place owners and the local residents and isolation, but also bringing about power struggle within the relationship network, which results in the transformation of dynamic mechanism from nonstructural to binary dynamic mechanism and further restructuring of material space. (4) Based on the social acquaintance network, Guanhu Village has formed a new model of shared economy, which is combined with the Internet platform for sharing goods and services as a cheaper alternative compared with the Internet intermediaries.