基于三要素的张家界旅游城镇化响应测度及影响机制

在分析城镇化对旅游业成长响应与机理基础上,从人口、产业和就业3个要素入手,重构“旅游城镇化响应系数”,构建响应测度模型,将旅游城镇化响应划分为4个阶段,利用张家界1989~2015年统计数据,剖析旅游城镇化的总体特征、阶段性特征以及空间特征,并从静态和动态分析其影响机制。结果显示： 自张家界建市以来,旅游城镇化响应系数呈现稳步上升趋势,并呈现出阶段性变化特征。 张家界两个市辖区的旅游城镇化响应强度有所差异,总的来说两者的响应强度都处于增长态势,但武陵源的响应强度大于永定区,而永定区的增长速度快于武陵源区。 从静态看,旅游城镇化响应强度的影响因素主要有区域经济发展水平、旅游产业集聚程度、交通通达度、城镇居民可支配收入、第三产业增加值以及区域投资强度;其中,城镇居民可支配收入、旅游产业集聚程度、人均固定资产投资以及交通通达度与城镇化响应系数呈现正相关;人均GDP和第三产业增加值与旅游城镇化响应系数呈现负相关。 从动态看,各因素对旅游城镇化的影响程度不同,排序为：旅游产业集聚>城镇居民可支配收入>人均GDP>人均年末通车里程>第三产业增加值>人均固定资产投资额。

Urbanization Response to Tourism and Analysis of Its Influencing Mechanism Based on Three Factors in Zhangjiajie

The tourism industry and the urbanization are important for the development of regional economic. Based on the analysis of the urbanization response to tourism and mechanism, the article introduced the concept of “Response Intensity of Tourism Urbanization”. Employing the 3 elements: population, industry and employment, the article established effect coefficient of tourism urbanization, constructed the model of response measurement and divided the development of tourism urbanization into 4 stages. Using the statistical data of Zhangjiajie from 1989 to 2015, the overall characteristics, staged characteristics and spatial characteristics of tourism urbanization were analyzed, involving static and dynamic analysis of its impact mechanism. The results show that, since the city was founded, the response coefficient of tourism urbanization has shown a steady upward trend and the characteristics of periodic changes. In terms of the tourism urbanization in two municipal districts of Zhangjiajie, the response intensity varies. Generally speaking, the response intensity of both cities is growing, but the response intensity of Wulingyuan is greater than that of Yongding district, and the growth rate of Yongding district is faster than that of Wulingyuan district. From the static point of view, the factors that impact the response intensity of tourism urbanization can be elaborated as follows: regional economic development level, the degree of tourist industry agglomeration, the degree of traffic accessibility, the disposable income of urban residents, the added value of the tertiary industry and the intensity of regional investment. Among them, the urban residents' disposable income, the degree of tourism industry agglomeration, per capita fixed asset investment, and the degree of transportation accessibility are positively correlated with the urbanization response coefficient; Per capita GDP and the added value of tertiary industry are negatively correlated with the response coefficient of tourism urbanization. From the dynamic perspective, the impact of various factors on tourism urbanization is different, ranking as follows: tourism industry agglomeration, urban residents’ disposable income, per capita GDP, per capita year-end open to traffic mileage, tertiary industry added value, per capita fixed assets investment.