城市化与PM2.5时空格局演变及其影响因素的研究进展

快速的城市化和经济发展在改善我们物质生活的同时,也因其剧烈人为活动导致了严重的环境污染,尤其是近年来以细颗粒物(PM_2.5)为首要污染物的城市与区域空气污染问题凸显。而传统的研究更注重孤立地开展空气污染或城市化的研究,缺乏对二者相互耦合关系的综合研究。本文以中国近年来广受关注的以PM_2.5为首要污染物的城市空气污染为切入点,系统地分析总结了在城市化与PM_2.5时空格局演变及其影响因素方面的主要研究进展,包括研究框架、主要方法和相关的主要研究成果等。指明该领域的研究已从空间格局分析逐步深入到健康影响、社会经济驱动等相关方向,并已延伸至复合主题的研究。未来,开展更为深入细致的研究,对于拓展城市与景观生态学的理论体系,了解城市化与城市空气质量的影响关系,解析不同城市发展阶段所面临的城市空气质量问题,将具有重要的科学与现实意义。

Relationship between urbanization and urban air quality: An insight on fine particulate dynamics in China

Urbanization is essentially a geographical concentration of population and industry, and change of landscape patterns. The proportion of the urbanized population in China has increased to more than 50% during the recent decade. The rapid growth in such a short time period has not only led to an improvement of material wealth and a higher standard of living, but also caused severe environmental pollution, particularly the air pollution in many urbanized regions of China. In this research, multi-resolution remote sensing images, meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and ground survey records were employed at multiple scales to understand the relationship between rapid urbanization and urban air quality, taking PM_2.5 concentration as an indicator of air quality. The key findings are in the following three areas: (1) The spatial-temporal patterns of PM_2.5 concentration in China; (2) The spatial-temporal patterns of the relationship between urban PM_2.5 pollution and rural PM_2.5 pollution in China's major cities; and (3) The linkage between urbanization and PM_2.5 concentration at global, regional, city, and local scales. The results of this research also encourage different approaches to urbanization study in order to mitigate the negative impact caused by urban air pollution, both in China and in other rapidly developing mid- and low-income countries.