中国省会城市高铁费用可达性及居民消费格局

高铁建设虽在较大程度上改善了城市间的时间可达性,但其高票价导致的旅行费用增加在一定程度上限制了人们对高铁的消费预期。从费用可达性和居民对高铁的消费能力两个方面,基于省会城市间2008和2015年的铁路最短旅行时间及相应的票价、城镇居民人均收入数据,采用平均旅行费用、高铁消费能力指数和高铁消费预期指数等指标对省际费用可达性及居民对高铁的消费能力和消费预期进行分析。主要研究结论为：①高铁不同程度上抬升了省会城市间的旅行费用,费用可达性空间格局从以郑州、济南为中心的核心—边缘型空间格局转变为以呼和浩特、太原为中心的核心—边缘型空间格局;②大多数城市的居民高铁消费能力得到了不同程度的提升,但高铁消费能力和消费预期都呈现出东中部优于西部和东北部地区的不均衡分布特征。本文可对优化高铁供给格局进而对提升高铁的利用效率具有一定的参考价值。

Spatial pattern of cost accessibility of provincial capital cities by high-speed rail and consumption in China

Although accessibility in terms of travel time has improved to a great extent under the construction of high-speed rail, people's consumption expectations of high-speed rail are limited by the raise of travel cost caused by the high ticket price of high-speed rail. From the perspective of cost accessibility and people's consumption capacity of high-speed rail, the level and change of inter-provincial cost accessibility, people's consumption capacity, and consumption expectations are calculated and analyzed by average travel cost, high-speed rail consumption capacity index, and high-speed rail consumption expectation index, based on the data of shortest travel time and corresponding railway fares between provincial capital cities, and per capita income of urban residents in 2008 and 2015. The results show that: (1) Travel cost accessibility has improved to different degrees under the construction of high-speed rail in china, and the spatial pattern of cost accessibility has been transformed from the "core-periphery" pattern with Zhengzhou-Jinan as the cores and other provinces as the peripheries to the "core-periphery" pattern with Hohehot-Taiyuan as the cores and other provinces as the peripheries; (2) People's consumption capacity of high-speed rail in the majority of provincial capital cities has increased to different degrees, while the level of consumption capacity and consumption expectation in central and eastern China is superior to the western and Northeast China. The research can provide some references for optimizing the service provision and improving the efficiency of the high-speed rail system.