世界乡村转型历程与可持续发展展望

基于对国内外文献梳理总结,根据世界银行数据,从乡村人口、就业、粮食产量、公共服务角度,系统解析了半个多世纪以来世界乡村转型发展的历程,揭示了世界发展由乡村社会逐步向城市社会转型、由农业经济向非农经济转型、发展效率与公共服务质量逐渐提升的演化特征。研究指出,全球化、工业化、城市化进程中乡村地区人口持续、快速减少,加剧了乡村发展的不稳定性和脆弱性,导致乡村衰退,严重影响到乡村经济社会发展的可持续性。为此,强调全球城市化进程中亟需高度重视乡村衰退问题,要积极推进村镇化,形成村镇化与城市化“双轮驱动”的城乡地域发展格局;要制定科学的规划来指导乡村转型与可持续发展,有序实施异地搬迁,鼓励和引导民众“自下而上”的主观能动性,构建乡村发展与农户的利益联结机制;要科学把控乡村转型发展过程,识别并培育打造乡村振兴极,不断提升乡村地域系统应对外界发展、环境变化与挑战的弹性。

The process of rural transformation in the world and prospects of sustainable development

Based on a literature review and analysis of the statistics of the World Bank, this study investigated the rural transformation process of the world from the aspects of rural population, employment, grain production, and public services. It revealed that the world has transformed from rural society to urban society and from agriculture-based economy to nonagricultural economy. In this process, the development efficiency and public service quality were improved. The article points out that accompanying the globalization, industrialization, and urbanization processes, rapid rural depopulation exacerbated rural instability and vulnerability and led to rural decline that endangers rural sustainability. It highlights the importance of rural vitalization and calls for ruralization to form the urban-rural regional pattern with urbanization. Scientific planning, relocation, and local stakeholders' bottom-up initiatives must be encouraged. It is also necessary to scientifically govern the world's rural transformation process, identify and develop the rural vitalization growth point, and improve rural resilience.